ʻO Alban Berg ka haku mele kaulana loa o ke Kula ʻo Viennese ʻElua. ʻO ia ka mea i manaʻo ʻia he mea hana hou i ka mele o ke kenekulia iwakālua. ʻO ka hana a Berg, ka mea i hoʻoikaika ʻia e ka wā Romantic hope, ua hahai i ke kumu o ka atonality a me ka dodecaphony. ʻO ka mele a Berg kahi kokoke i ka moʻomeheu mele a R. Kolisch i kapa ʻia ʻo "Viennese espressivo" (hōʻike).
ʻO ka piha piha o ke kani, ke kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka expressiveness a me ka hoʻopili ʻana i nā paʻakikī tonal e hōʻike i kāna mau haku mele. Hoʻohui ʻia ka makemake o ka mea haku mele no ka mysticism a me ka theosophy me ka ʻike a me ka ʻōnaehana systematic analytics. ʻIke ʻia kēia ma kāna mau puke e pili ana i ka manaʻo mele.
ʻO nā makahiki kamaliʻi o ka mea haku mele ʻo Alban Berg
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Alban Berg ma Pepeluali 9, 1885 ma Vienna ma kahi ʻohana waena. Ma waho aʻe o kona makemake i ka palapala, hoʻomana wale ʻo BERG i nā mele. He mea kūʻai aku kona makuakāne i nā mea hana kiʻi a me nā puke, a ʻo kona makuahine he haku mele ʻike ʻole ʻia. Ua maopopo ke kumu i paipai ʻia ai ke kālena moʻokalaleo a me ke mele o ke keiki mai kona wā ʻōpiopio. I ka makahiki 6, ua hoʻolimalima ʻia ke keiki liʻiliʻi e kahi kumu mele nāna i aʻo iā ia i ka hoʻokani piano. Ua paʻakikī loa ʻo Berg i ka make ʻana o kona makuakāne i ka makahiki 1900. Ma hope o kēia pōʻino, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e ʻeha i ka hānō, kahi i hōʻeha ʻia iā ia no ke koena o kona ola. Ua hoʻomaka ka haku mele i kāna mau hoʻāʻo kūʻokoʻa mua ma ka haku mele i ka makahiki 15.
Alban Berg: ka hakakā me ke kaumaha
1903 - Ua hāʻule ʻo Berg i kāna Abitur a hāʻule i loko o ke kaumaha. I Kepakemapa, hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e pepehi iā ia iho. Mai 1904 ua aʻo ʻo ia no ʻeono makahiki me Arnold Schoenber (1874–1951), nāna i aʻo iā ia i ka lokahi a me ka haku mele. He mau haʻawina mele ia e hiki ai ke hoʻōla i kona mau aʻalolo a poina i ka unine. ʻO nā hana mua o ka lehulehu o nā hana a Berg i hana ʻia i ka makahiki 1907 ma nā ʻaha mele a nā keiki kula.
ʻO kāna hana mua ʻo "Seven Early Songs" (1905-1908) e hahai mau ana i nā kuʻuna a R. Schumann lāua ʻo G. Mahler. Akā ʻo ka sonata piano "V. op.1" (1907-1908) ua alaka'i 'ia e ke kumu haku mele. ʻO kāna hana hope loa ma lalo o ke alakaʻi a Schoenberg, ka mea i hōʻike mua i ke kūʻokoʻa akaka, ʻo ia ka String Quartet, Op. 3, i haku ʻia i ka makahiki 1910. Hōʻike ka haku mele i kahi mānoanoa a me ka nāwaliwali o ka pilina me ke kī nui-liʻiliʻi.
ʻO ke aʻo ʻana ʻo Berg
Ma hope o ke puka ʻana mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua aʻo ʻo Berg i ka mālama puke. I ka makahiki 1906 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana ma ke ʻano he helu helu. Eia naʻe, ua ʻae ka palekana kālā iā ia e noho ma ke ʻano he kumu haku mele manuahi ma hope loa. I ka makahiki 1911 ua male ʻo ia iā Helena Nachowski. Ma waho aʻe o nā huakaʻi ʻoihana pōkole, hoʻohana mau ʻo Berg i ka manawa mai ka hāʻule a hiki i ka pūnāwai ma Vienna. Aia ke koena o ka makahiki ma Carinthia a me Styria.
I loko o nā makahiki ʻelua o ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana me Schoenberg, ʻoiai ʻo BERG he kanaka lawelawe kīwila ma ka lieutenant Austrian haʻahaʻa. A mai ka makahiki 1906, ua hoʻolaʻa wale ʻo ia iā ia iho i ke mele. Ma hope o ka haʻalele ʻana o Schoenberg iā Vienna no Berlin ma 1911, ua hana ʻo BERG no kāna kumu a me kāna kumu. Ma waena o nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua hana ʻo ia i kahi papa inoa no ke kākau ʻana iā "Harmonielehre" (1911) a me kahi alakaʻi analytical maikaʻi loa i "Gurre-Lieder".
Alban Berg: hoʻi i Vienna
Ma hope o ʻekolu makahiki o ka lawelawe ʻana i ka pūʻali koa Austrian (1915–1918) a me ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua Mua, ua hoʻi ʻo Alban Berg i Vienna. Ma laila ua hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia e lilo i kumu aʻoaʻo ma ka Association of Private Musical Performances. Ua hoʻokumu ʻia e Arnold Schoenberg i kāna mau makahiki hana o ka hana. A hiki i ka makahiki 1921, ua hana ʻo Berg ma laila, e hoʻomohala ana i kāna hana mele. ʻO nā hana mua a ka mea haku mele he mele keena a me ka haku piano. Ua kākau ʻia lākou i ke aʻo ʻana me ARNOLD SCHONBERG. ʻO ka String Quartet op. 3" (1910). Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia ka hana nui mua o ka atonality.
Mai ka makahiki 1920, hoʻomaka ʻo Berg i kahi hana nūpepa kūleʻa. Hāʻawi kēia hana iā ia i ka kaulana a me ka loaʻa kālā maikaʻi. Kākau nui ʻo ia e pili ana i nā mele a me nā hana a nā haku haku o ia manawa. Ua huki nui ʻia ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ka mea hoʻokani mele no ka manawa lōʻihi ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻoholo e hoʻomau i ka haku mele a i ʻole e hāʻawi piha iā ia iho i ke kākau mele.
ʻO ka hana a Berg: manawa hana
Ma 1914, hele ʻo Berg i ka Woyzeck o Georg Büchner. Ua hoʻoikaika nui i ka haku mele a ua hoʻoholo koke ʻo ia e kākau i kāna mele ponoʻī no kēia pāʻani. Ua pau ka hana i ka makahiki 1921.
1922 - Ua paʻi kūʻokoʻa ʻia ka hōʻemi no ka pianoforte "Wojzeck" me ke kākoʻo kālā a Alma Mahler.
1923 - Ua pūlima ʻia kahi ʻaelike me ka Wiener Universal-Edition, nāna hoʻi i hoʻopuka i ka hana mua a Berg.
1924 - Hoʻomaka ka honua o nā ʻāpana o Woyzeck ma Frankfurt am Main.
1925 Ka hana ʻana o ka Lyric Suite no ka string quartet, i hoʻomaka ʻia ma 8 Ianuali 1927 e ka Kolisch Quartet. ʻO ka mua honua o Erich Kleiber's Woyzeck ma ka Berlin State Opera.
1926 - Hana ʻia ʻo Woyzeck ma Prague, ma 1927 - ma Leningrad, ma 1929 - ma Oldenburg.
Hoʻokani ʻo Berg me ka manaʻo o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka moʻolelo moʻolelo a Gerhart Hauptmann "Und Pippa tanzt" i ke mele.
"Ka Mele a Lulu" - ka hana ʻāina a Berg
I ka makahiki 1928, ua hoʻoholo ka mea haku mele e kākau mele no ka Lulu a Frank Wedekind. Ua hoʻomaka ka hana ikaika, i lei ʻia me ka lanakila nui. I ka makahiki 1930, ua koho ʻia ʻo Berg i lālā o ka Prussian Academy of Arts. ʻO ke kūlana kālā a me ka kaulana i hiki iā ia ke kūʻai i hale hoʻomaha ma Lake Wörthersee.
I ka makahiki 1933 ua hoʻopau ʻia ka "Song of Lulu". Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia kāna hōʻike mua iā Webern no ka hoʻohanohano ʻana i kāna lā hānau 50th.
1934 - I ʻApelila, hoʻopau ʻo Berg i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni pōkole "Lulu". Ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka honua mua ma Berlin me Erich Kleiber. Ma ka lā 30 o Nowemapa, ua hoʻokipa ka Berlin State Opera i ka mua o nā hana symphonic mai ka opera Lulu na Erich Kleiber.
ʻO nā makahiki hope o ka noʻonoʻo
1935 - kahi hoʻomaha i ka hana ma ka opera "Lulu". Mai ʻApelila a ʻAukake, e hana ana ʻo Berg i ka haku mele ʻana i ka concerto violin "The Memory of an Angel" no Manon Gropius, ke kaikamahine i make a Alma Mahler. ʻO kēia hana ʻelua ʻāpana, i māhele ʻia i nā manawa like ʻole, e hahai ana i nā manaʻo kumuhana o ka requiem. Ma ke ʻano he concerto solo, ʻo ia ka ʻaha mele mua e pili ana i ka hoʻohana mau ʻana o kahi moʻo ʻumikūmālua-leo hoʻokahi. ʻAʻole ola ʻo Alban Berg e ʻike i ka premiere ma ʻApelila 19, 1936 ma Barcelona.
ʻAʻole hiki iā Berg ke hoʻopau i kāna lua opera, ʻo Lulu, a hiki i kona make ʻana. Ua hoʻohui ka mea haku mele Austrian Friedrich Cerha i ka hana 3, a ua hana mua ʻia ka mana 3-act ma 24 Pepeluali 1979 ma Paris.
I ka makahiki 1936, ua hoʻomaka mua ʻia ka concerto violin ma Barcelona me ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Louis Krasner a me ke alakaʻi ʻo Hermann Scherchen.
I ka lā 24 o Dekemaba, 1935, make ʻo Berg i ka furunculosis ma kāna kamaʻāina Vienna.
