Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Singer Arthur (Art) Garfunkel i Nowemapa 5, 1941 ma Forest Hills, New York iā Rose lāua ʻo Jack Garfunkel. No ka ʻike ʻana i ka hoihoi o kāna keiki i ke mele, ua kūʻai ʻo Jack, he kanaka kūʻai huakaʻi, iā Garfunkel i kahi leo leo.
ʻOiai i ka piha ʻana o kona mau makahiki ʻehā, ua noho ʻo Garfunkel no nā hola me kahi leo leo; mele, hoʻolohe a hoʻokani i kona leo, a hoʻopaʻa hou. “Ua hoʻokomo iaʻu i ke mele. ʻO ka hīmeni ʻana, a ʻoi aku ka hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia, he nani wale nō, "hoʻomanaʻo ʻo ia.
Ma ke kula haʻahaʻa o Forest Hills, ʻike ʻia ʻo Art Garfunkel ʻōpio no ka hīmeni ʻana i nā mele ma nā ala kaʻawale a me ka hana keaka. Ma ka papa 6, ua komo ʻo ia i ka pāʻani kula Алиса в стране чудес me ka hoa papa o Paul Simon.
Ua ʻike ʻo Simon iā Garfunkel ma ke ʻano he mele i hoʻopuni mau ʻia e nā kaikamahine. Noho kaʻawale lāua ma Queens, akā ʻaʻole i lohe ʻo Simona iā Garfunkel i ke mele ʻana i pili ai ko lākou hopena. Ua hoʻomaka koke ka duo i ka hīmeni ʻana ma nā hōʻike talena kula a hoʻomaʻamaʻa i kā lākou mākaukau i kēlā me kēia pō ma lalo.
I ko lākou mau makahiki kula kiʻekiʻe, ʻo Tom Landis lāua ʻo Jerry Graf ka poʻe lanakila Grammy i ka wā e hiki mai ana, me ka makaʻu i ko lākou inoa maoli i ka leo Iudaio a keakea nei i ka holomua.
Ua hoʻokani lākou i ke mele kumu a Simon a hoʻonui i kā lākou kālā e hana i kā lākou hoʻopaʻa leo ʻoihana mua. ʻO kā lākou Everly Brothers-influenced track Hey Schoolgirl he mea puʻupuʻu liʻiliʻi, a ma 1957 ua pae ʻo ia i kahi palapala hoʻopaʻa leo me Big Records.
Ua lilo lākou i mau malihini kipa i ka hale ʻo Brill, e hāʻawi ana i kā lākou lawelawe ma ke ʻano he demo artists i nā haku mele. Ua loaʻa iā lākou kahi hiʻohiʻona ma ka American Dick Clark bandstand, e hoʻomau ana ma hope o Jerry Lee Lewis.
Ma hope o kēlā, ua kū kā lākou hana mele a hoʻomaka lākou e hopohopo ua hiki lākou i ko lākou kiʻekiʻe ma 16.
ʻO Simona lāua ʻo Garfunkel
I ka pau ʻana o ke kula kiʻekiʻe, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Simon lāua ʻo Garfunkel e hele i ko lāua ala kaʻawale a hele i ke kulanui. Ua noho ʻo Garfunkel ma kona kūlanakauhale a hele i ke Kulanui ʻo Columbia, kahi i aʻo ai i ka mōʻaukala noʻeau a komo i kahi fraternity.
Ua loaʻa iā ia ke kēkelē laepua ma ka makemakika. Ke hoʻomau nei ʻo Garfunkel i kāna hana hoʻonaʻauao ma kāna ʻoihana, ʻaʻole i hoʻōki ʻo Garfunkel i ka hīmeni ʻana i ke kulanui, me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i kekahi mau mele mele ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Artie Garr.
Eia hou, ua hui pū nā talena like ʻole a me nā hoihoi iā Paul Simon lāua ʻo Art Garfunkel. I ka makahiki 1962, ua hui hou ʻo Tom lāua ʻo Jerry ma ke ʻano he duo hou aʻe. ʻAʻole lākou hopohopo hou e hoʻomaopopo ʻole ʻia lākou a hoʻomaka lākou e hoʻohana i ko lākou inoa maoli ʻo Simon & Garfunkel.
I ka pau ʻana o 1964 ua hoʻokuʻu lākou i ka album studio Wednesday Morning, 3 AM Commercially, ʻaʻohe mea nui i hana, a hele ʻo Simon i ʻEnelani, ua hoʻoholo ka duo e hoʻokaʻawale i ka ʻoihana.
Ua hui hou ka mea hana ʻo Tom Wilson i ke mele The Sounds of Silence mai kēia album a hoʻokuʻu iā ia. I kekahi mau lā ma hope mai, ua lawe ʻo ia i ke kūlana 1 ma ka papa palapala Billboard. Ua hoʻi ʻo Simon i Queens kahi i hui hou ai ka duo a hoʻoholo e hoʻopaʻa a hoʻokani pū i nā mele hou aʻe.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Simon & Garfunkel i kahi album hou, a laila kekahi, a pēlā kekahi ma hope o kekahi, kahi i lawe ai kēlā me kēia mele i kā lākou mele a me nā mele i kahi pae hou.
Loaʻa ka lanakila koʻikoʻi a me ka pāʻoihana a hoʻonui ʻia me kēlā me kēia hoʻokuʻu: Sounds of Silence (1966), Parsley, Sage, Rosemary and Thyme (1966) a me Bookends (1968). ʻOiai lākou e hana ana ma Bookends, ua noi ʻo Mike Nichols iā lākou e hāʻawi i nā mele i ke kani kani no The Graduate (1967).
Ma ke ʻano he kiʻiʻoniʻoni mua e pili ana i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka conformity, ua paʻa ka duo i ko lākou inoa. ʻO kā lākou mele Mrs. Ua lilo ʻo Robinson i mea paʻi No.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, alakaʻi ʻo Nichols iā Catch-22 a hāʻawi iā Garfunkel i ke kuleana. Ua hoʻopaneʻe kēia i ka hana ʻana o kā lākou album aʻe a hoʻomaka i ka "lūlū ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano" no ko lākou wā e hiki mai ana. Ua neʻe lāua i nā ʻaoʻao hana hou.
I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻokuʻu lākou i kā lākou album lanakila loa, ʻo Bridge Over Troubled Water, i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻenehana studio hou a i hana ʻia i ka home a hoʻoikaika ʻia e nā ʻano mele like ʻole.
Ua lilo ka album i mea pāʻoihana nui a lanakila i ʻeono Grammy Awards me ka Album of the Year, Song of the Year a me Record of the Year no ke poʻo mele.
ʻO kēia kā lākou album studio hope loa. Ua hoʻolālā mua lākou e hui hou ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana, akā ma hope o ka kaʻawale ʻana no kekahi manawa, ʻoi aku ka manaʻo o ka hoʻomau ʻana i kā lākou hana hana. ʻAʻole ʻo Simon & Garfunkel.
ʻElua mau makahiki ma hope o ko lāua haʻalele ʻana, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo Simon & Garfunkel's Best Hits a noho ma ka papa palapala US no 131 pule.
Hana Solo: ʻO nā mea a pau aʻu i ʻike, he mau maka wale nō koʻu no ʻoe a me nā mea hou aku
Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ʻo Paul Simon lāua ʻo Art Garfunkel i ka makahiki 1970, akā pili mau lāua i kekahi i kekahi ma ke ʻano pilikino a me ka ʻoihana.
Ke hoʻi mau nei i nā hoaaloha a me nā hoa hana, hui hou lākou i nā manawa he nui i kā lākou ʻoihana wale nō e ʻike ʻaʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana pū ma waho o nā papahana pōkole, ʻoiaʻiʻo.
I loko o nā makahiki, ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Garfunkel i ko lākou manawa i hui pū ai: "ʻOliʻoli mau wau e ʻōlelo liʻiliʻi ma ka inoa o ka duo. Haʻaheo wau e hīmeni i kēia mau mele nani. I kēia manawa ke mele ʻia nei nā mele a Paul Simon ma nā hale pule a me nā kula ma ke ʻano o ka haʻawina..."
I kēia manawa, ua hāʻawi piha ʻo ia iā ia iho i kāna ʻoihana solo. ʻO kāna album mua ʻo Angel Clare (1973) i loaʻa i ka hit All I know i kākau ʻia e Jimmy Webb a hana ʻia e Simon & Garfunkel Roy Haley. (Ua hāʻawi ʻia ke mele i ke ola hou i ka makahiki 2005 i ka wā i hōʻike ʻia ma ka leo kani ʻelima no ka hakakā ʻana ma ka Chicken Little.)
ʻO kāna album aʻe, ʻo Breakway (1975), hāʻawi iā ia i kahi hit hou, he uhi uhi o ka mele kahiko ʻo I Only Have Eyes for You. Ua hōʻike ʻia ka album i nā hiʻohiʻona malihini mai David Crosby, Graham Nash a me Stephen Bishop, a me Simon lāua ʻo Garfunkel ke mele hou i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki, ʻo My Little Town, i ʻike ʻia ma ka album solo a Simon Still Crazy After All These Years.
Me kāna album hou, ʻo Watermark (1977), ua kālele ʻo Garfunkel i ka hui pū ʻana me hoʻokahi mea haku mele. Ua kākau ʻo Jimmy Webb i nā mele a pau me ka ʻokoʻa hoʻokahi: kahi uhi o Sam Cooke hit What A Wonderful World na Garfunkel, Simon a me James Taylor, i piʻi i ka helu 17 ma nā palapala.
Ua loaʻa hou i ka mea mele mai Watermark me nā maka Bright, ʻo ia ke mele poʻomanaʻo kaumaha a nani no ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni a Richard Adams ʻo Watership Down.
ʻO kāna album Scissors Cut (1981) he kūleʻa koʻikoʻi akā he "flop" pāʻoihana. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokani ʻo Simon lāua ʻo Garfunkel i kahi ʻaha mele ma Central Park, e uhaʻi ana i nā moʻolelo āpau, e hōʻuluʻulu ana i kahi anaina o 500 poʻe.
A laila hele lākou i ka huakaʻi honua a hoʻokuʻu i kahi album pālua a me kahi HBO kūikawā no kā lākou hōʻike ma Central Park. Akā ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ka hui hou ʻana. Ua hoʻokuʻu lākou i nā manaʻo e hoʻokuʻu i nā mea hou, a mālama ʻo Simon i nā mele no kāna album ponoʻī.
Ke hoʻi hou nei i kāna ʻoihana hoʻokahi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Garfunkel me nā forays i ka hana. Ua hana mua ʻo ia i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni me ke alakaʻi ʻo Mike Nichols, me Carnal Knowledge (1971), a ua ʻike pū ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano TV, me ka episode "Laverne and Shirley". A i ka makahiki 1998, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ka hōʻike TV a nā keiki ʻo Arthur Like A Singing Moose.
Ua hoʻomau ʻo Garfunkel i ka hana ma ke kahua a hoʻopaʻa i nā mea hou. I ka makahiki 1990, ua kamaʻilio ʻo ia me 1,4 miliona mau kānaka ma ke noi a ke Keʻena Mokuʻāina ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa ma kahi hui hoʻoikaika demokala ma Sofia, Bulgaria.
I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia ʻo Simon lāua ʻo Garfunkel i ka Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. ʻEkolu mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i ka album Up 'Til Now, kahi i hui pū me kāna duet me James Taylor Crying in the Rain, a me ke mele no ka hōʻike "Brooklyn Bridge" a me "Two Sleepy Men" mai ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo A Their Own. Hui.
I ʻOkakopa, hoʻokani ʻo ia a me Simon i 21 mau hana i kūʻai ʻia ma ka Paramount Theatre ma New York. Ma 1997, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i kahi album no nā keiki i hoʻoikaika ʻia e kāna keiki ʻo James, e hōʻike ana i nā mele na Cat Stevens, Marvin Gay a me John Lennon-Paul McCartney.
Ma 1998, hana ʻo ia i kāna mele mele ma kāna album Everybody Wanna Be Seen.
I ka makahiki 2003, ua hele hou ʻo ia i ke kahua me Simon, e lanakila ana i kahi makana Grammy Lifetime Achievement a hoʻokani ola ʻo Sounds of Silence.
Ua huakaʻi hou lākou ma hope o kēlā, a i ka makahiki 2005 ua hoʻokani lākou i Bridge over Troubled Water, On the Way Home, a me Mrs. Robinson ma kahi ʻaha mele no ka poʻe i loaʻa i ka Hurricane Katrina ma Madison Square Garden.
He makahiki paʻahana a hoʻomaha ʻole ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki. ʻO ka papa hana paʻa mau a me ka hoʻolālā huakaʻi, akā i ka makahiki 2010 ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e loaʻa nā pilikia me kāna mau leo leo, i ʻike ʻia e ka lehulehu. Hoʻomanaʻo nui wau i ka ʻaha mele me Simon ma ka Jazz and Heritage Festival ma New Orleans. He hakakā ka hīmeni ʻana i kekahi mea.
Ua loaʻa iā ia ka paresis leo leo a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e nalowale i kona waena waena. ʻEhā makahiki paha ʻo ia i ola ai. Ua haʻi ʻo ia i kāna moʻolelo i ka magazine Rolling Stone i ka makahiki 2014 ua 96% ʻo ia i hoʻi, akā he manawa liʻiliʻi no ka maikaʻi o kona olakino.
I ka makahiki 2016, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mele Simona lāua ʻo Garfunkel "America" (me kā lākou ʻae ʻia) e Bernie Sanders i kāna huakaʻi kūleʻa ʻole e hoʻopaʻa i ka koho Demokarata no ka pelekikena. "Makemake au iā Bernie," i ʻōlelo ʻo Garfunkel i ka New York Times. “Aloha au i kāna hakakā. Makemake au i kona hanohano a me kona kūlana. Makemake au i kēia mele!".
E hōʻike nei i ka manaʻo
I kēia lā, hoʻomau ʻo Art Garfunkel i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka hana ʻana i nā papahana solo, a me ka hui pū ʻana me nā mea pena kiʻi paʻa e like me James Taylor a me Bruce Springsteen. Ke hoʻomau nei ka mea mele i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
I ka makahiki 1980, ʻo kekahi o kāna mau leʻaleʻa ʻo ka hele wāwae lōʻihi; Ua hele wāwae ʻo ia ma Iapana a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I kona hele ʻana, hoʻomaka ʻo ia e kākau i nā mele a i ka makahiki 1989 i paʻi ʻia ʻo Still Water.
I ka makahiki 2017, ua hoʻohui ʻo ia i kahi autobiography ʻē aʻe i paʻi ʻia, What's It All But the Light: Notes from an Underground Man, kahi hui eccentric o nā mele, nā papa inoa, nā huakaʻi, a me nā noʻonoʻo ʻana i kāna wahine.
Ua hoʻomau ʻo Garfunkel i kāna makemake no ka hele lōʻihi no nā makahiki he nui. I kēia manawa, ua hele ʻo ia i kahi ʻāpana nui o ka honua, ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo ia ʻaʻole i pili i kāna ʻike ola i ka mea āna i hoʻokō ai, akā no ka mea i hāʻawi ʻia iā ia.
ʻO ke ola pilikino o Art Garfunkel
ʻOiai ua kūleʻa nā 1970s, ua paʻakikī nā 1980s no Garfunkel ma ka ʻoihana a pilikino. Ma hope o ka male pōkole ʻana iā Linda Grossman i ka makahiki 1970, ua pili ʻo Garfunkel i ka mea hoʻokani wahine ʻo Laurie Bird no ʻelima mau makahiki.
I ka makahiki 1979, ua pepehi ʻo ia iā ia iho, me ka haʻalele ʻana iā Garfunkel i ka ʻeha. Hoʻomaikaʻi ʻo ia i kāna pilina pōkole akā hauʻoli me Penny Marshall no ke kōkua ʻana iā ia e hoʻōla mai ka nalowale, a ma hope iho ua hoʻoili ʻo ia i kona kaumaha i kāna album 1981 Scissors Cut i hoʻolaʻa ʻia iā Byrd.
I ka makahiki 1985, ua hui 'o ia me Kim Cermak ma ke kahua o Good To Go. Ua male lāua i ʻekolu makahiki ma hope mai a loaʻa iā lāua ʻelua keiki kāne.
