Na wai e aʻo i ka manu e hīmeni? He ninau naaupo loa keia. Hānau ʻia ka manu me kēia kāhea. Nona, ʻo ke mele a me ka hanu ʻana he mau manaʻo like. Hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia e pili ana i kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani kaulana loa o ke kenekulia i hala, ʻo Charlie Parker, i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo Bird.
He moʻolelo jazz make ʻole ʻo Charlie. ʻO ka saxophonist ʻAmelika a me ka haku mele i lilo i mea hoʻokumu i ke ʻano bebop. Ua ho'okō ka mea pena i ka ho'ololi maoli i ka honua jazz. Ua hana ʻo ia i manaʻo hou o ke ʻano o ke mele.
ʻO Bebop (be-bop, bop) kahi ʻano jazz i hoʻomohala ʻia i ka hoʻomaka a me ka waena o 1940s o ke kenekulia XX. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ke ʻano i hōʻike ʻia e ka wikiwiki wikiwiki a me nā improvisation paʻakikī.
ʻO Charlie Parker ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Charlie Parker ma ʻAukake 29, 1920 ma ke kūlanakauhale panalāʻau liʻiliʻi o Kansas City (Kansas). Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kona wā kamaliʻi ma Kansas City, Missouri.
Ua hoihoi ke kanaka mai ka wā kamaliʻi i ke mele. I ka makahiki 11, ua akamai ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani saxophone, a ʻekolu makahiki ma hope mai, ua lilo ʻo Charlie Parker i lālā o ka hui kula. Ua hauʻoli maoli ʻo ia no ka loaʻa ʻana o kona kāhea ʻana.
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1930, ua hana ʻia kahi ʻano mele jazz ma kahi i hānau ʻia ai ʻo Parker. Ua ʻike ʻia ke ʻano hou e ke komo ʻana, i "hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia" me nā leo blues, a me ka improvisation. Ua kani nā mele ma nā wahi a pau a he mea hiki ʻole ke aloha iā ia.
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana hoʻomohala a Charlie Parker
I ka wā ʻōpio, ua hoʻoholo ʻo Charlie Parker i kāna ʻoihana e hiki mai ana. Ua haʻalele ʻo ia i ke kula a komo i ka hui. Hoʻokani ka poʻe mele ma nā disco, nā pāʻina a me nā hale ʻaina.
ʻOiai ka hana luhi, ua manaʻo ka poʻe i ka hana a nā kāne ma $ 1. Akā, ʻaʻohe mea liʻiliʻi i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka ʻike a ka mea hoʻokani pila ma ke kahua. I kēlā manawa, kapa ʻia ʻo Charlie Parker ʻo Yardbird (Yardbird), ʻo ia hoʻi ma ka pūʻali koa "rookie".
Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Charlie i ka wā mua o kāna ʻoihana e hoʻolimalima ʻo ia ma mua o 15 mau hola i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa. ʻO ka luhi o nā papa i hauʻoli loa ke kanaka ʻōpio.
I ka makahiki 1938, ua hui pū ʻo ia i ka mea piano jazz ʻo Jay McShann. Mai ia manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka ʻoihana ʻoihana o kahi mea hoʻomaka. Me ka hui o Jay, ua kaapuni ʻo ia iā ʻAmelika, a ua kipa aku ʻo ia i New York. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa leo ʻoihana mua a Parker mai kēia manawa, ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana o ka hui ʻo McShann.
Ke neʻe nei ʻo Charlie Parker i New York
I ka makahiki 1939, ua ʻike ʻo Charlie Parker i kāna moeʻuhane. Ua neʻe ʻo ia i New York e ʻimi i kāna ʻoihana. Eia naʻe, ma ke kūlanakauhale nui, pono e loaʻa iā ia ke mele wale nō. No ka manawa lōʻihi, ua hana ke kanaka ma ke ʻano he mea holoi kīʻaha no $ 9 i hoʻokahi pule ma ka Jimmies Chicken Shack, kahi i hana pinepine ai ka Art Tatum kaulana.
ʻEkolu makahiki ma hope mai, haʻalele ʻo Parker i kahi i hoʻomaka ai kāna ʻoihana mele ʻoihana. Ua ʻōlelo maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka McShann Ensemble e pāʻani i ka Earl Hines Orchestra. Ma laila ʻo ia i hui ai me ka mea hoʻokani pū ʻo Dizzy Gillespie.
Ua ulu ka pilina o Charlie lāua ʻo Dizzy i kahi pilina hana. Ua hoʻomaka nā mea hoʻokani pila ma ke mele. ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka hana hoʻomohala a Charlie a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i kahi ʻano bebop hou i hoʻomau ʻia me ka ʻole o nā mea i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. ʻO ia ka hewa a pau o ka hahau ʻana o ka American Federation of Musicians ma 1942-1943. A laila ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻo Parker i nā haku mele hou.
ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hui pū ka "moʻolelo" jazz i ka hui o nā mea hoʻokani pila i hana i nā hale pō ma Harlem. Ma waho aʻe o Charlie Parker, ua hui pū ka hui: Dizzy Gillespie, ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Thelonious Monk, ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Charlie Christian a me ka mea hoʻokani pahu ʻo Kenny Clarke.
Ua loaʻa i nā boppers ko lākou ʻike ponoʻī no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mele jazz, a ua hōʻike lākou i ko lākou manaʻo. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Monku i kekahi manawa:
“Makemake ko mākou kaiāulu e pāʻani i nā mele ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pāʻani. ʻO ka huaʻōlelo "ʻo ia" ke ʻano o nā alakaʻi keʻokeʻo keʻokeʻo i hāpai i ke ʻano o ke koʻi mai ka poʻe ʻeleʻele a ma ka manawa like e loaʻa kālā mai ke mele ... ".
Ua hoʻokani ʻo Charlie Parker, me kona poʻe manaʻo like, ma nā hale pō ma ke alanui 52nd. ʻO ka hapanui pinepine, hele nā mea hoʻokani i nā hui "Three Duchess" a me "Onyx".
Ma New York, ua lawe ʻo Parker i nā haʻawina mele. ʻO kāna kumu ka mea haku mele a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana iā Maury Deutsch.
ʻO ke kuleana o Charlie Parker i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka bebop
I ka makahiki 1950, ua hāʻawi ʻo Charlie Parker i kahi ninaninau kikoʻī i kekahi o nā puke hanohano. Ua hoʻomanaʻo ka mea hoʻokani pila i kekahi o nā pō i ka makahiki 1939. A laila hoʻokani ʻo ia iā Cherokee me ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo William "Biddy" Fleet. Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Charlie ma ia pō i loaʻa iā ia ka manaʻo pehea e hoʻololi ai i ka "insipid" solo.
ʻOkoʻa loa ka manaʻo o Parker. Ua ʻike ʻo ia, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā leo 12 āpau o ka unahi chromatic, hiki ke kuhikuhi i ke mele i kekahi kī. Ua uhaki kēia i nā lula maʻamau o ka hana maʻamau o nā jazz solos, akā i ka manawa like i hana ʻia nā mele "ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi".
I ka wā kamaliʻi ʻo bebop, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā mele mele a me nā jazzmen o ka wā koʻi i hoʻohewa i ke ala hou. Akā ʻo nā boppers ka mea hope loa a lākou i mālama ai.
Ua kapa lākou i ka poʻe i hōʻole i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi ʻano hou, ʻo nā fig moldy (ʻo ia hoʻi "moldy trifle", "moldy forms"). Akā aia kekahi poʻe loea i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi e pili ana i ka bebop. Ua komo ʻo Coleman Hawkins lāua ʻo Benny Goodman i nā jams, studio recordings, me nā ʻelele o ke ʻano hou.
No ka mea, ʻo ka pāpā ʻana i ʻelua makahiki i ka hoʻopaʻa leo pāʻoihana mai 1942 a 1944, ʻaʻole i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hapa nui o nā lā mua o bebop ma nā leo leo.
A hiki i ka makahiki 1945, ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia nā mea hoʻokani pila, no laila ua noho ʻo Charlie Parker ma ke aka o kona kaulana. ʻO Charlie, me Dizzy Gillespie, Max Roach a me Bud Powell, ua hoʻohauʻoli i ka honua mele.
ʻO ia kekahi o nā hana maikaʻi loa a Charlie Parker.
ʻO kekahi o nā hana kaulana loa a kahi hui liʻiliʻi i hoʻokuʻu hou ʻia i ka waena o 2000s: “Concert at New York Town Hall. Iune 22, 1945". Ua loaʻa koke iā Bebop ka ʻike ākea. Ua loaʻa i nā mea hoʻokani nā mea pāʻaʻole wale i keʻano o nā mea aloha mele maʻamau, akā, i nā mele mele.
I kēlā makahiki hoʻokahi, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Charlie Parker no ka lepili Savoy. Ua lilo ka hoʻopaʻa leo i kekahi o nā kau jazz kaulana loa o nā manawa a pau. Ua ʻike nui ʻia nā kau o Ko-Ko a me Now's the Time e ka poʻe hoʻohewa.
No ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mele hou, ua hele ʻo Charlie lāua ʻo Dizzy i kahi huakaʻi nui ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻAʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ua holomua ka huakaʻi. Ua pau ka huakaʻi ma Los Angeles ma Billy Berg's.
Ma hope o ka huakaʻi, ua hoʻi ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻokani pila i New York, akā ua noho ʻo Parker ma Kaleponi. Ua hoʻololi ka mea hoʻokani pila i kāna tiketi no ka lāʻau. I kēlā manawa, ua hoʻohui ʻia ʻo ia i ka heroin a me ka waiʻona i hiki ʻole iā ia ke hoʻomalu i kona ola. ʻO ka hopena o kēia, ua pau ka hōkū i ka haukapila psychiatric mokuʻāina ʻo Camarillo.
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o Charlie Parker
Ua hoʻāʻo mua ʻo Charlie Parker i nā lāʻau lapaʻau i kona mamao ʻana mai ke kahua a kaulana i ka laulā. ʻO ka addiction o ka mea pena i ka heroin ke kumu mua o ka hoʻopau mau ʻana i nā ʻaha mele a me ka hāʻule ʻana o kāna loaʻa kālā.
ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana, hoʻomaka ʻo Charlie e hana i kahi ola ma o ka "noi" - kahi hana alanui. I ka loaʻa ʻole o kāna kālā no ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i hoʻokaʻulua e hōʻaiʻē mai nā hoa hana. ʻO ka ʻae ʻana i nā makana mai nā mea pā a pawning i kāna saxophone punahele. ʻO ka manawa pinepine ka poʻe i hoʻonohonoho i nā hana ma mua o ka ʻaha mele ʻo Parker i hele i ka hale pawnshop e kūʻai i ka mea kani.
Ua hana ʻo Charlie Parker i nā haku hana maoli. Eia nō naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hōʻole i ka mea hoʻokani pila.
I ka neʻe ʻana o Charlie e noho i Kaleponi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ka loaʻa ʻana o ka heroin. He ʻano ʻokoʻa iki ke ola ma ʻaneʻi, ʻaʻole like me ke kaiapuni ma New York. Ua hoʻomaka ka hōkū e uku no ka nele o ka heroin me ka inu ʻona nui.
ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana no ka lepili Dial kahi hiʻohiʻona maopopo o ke kūlana o ka mea hoʻokani pila. Ma mua o ke kau, ua inu ʻo Parker i ka ʻōmole waiʻona holoʻokoʻa. Ma ka Max Making Wax, ua lele ʻo Charlie i kekahi mau pahu o ka hīmeni mua. I ke komo ʻana o ka mea pena, ua ʻike ʻia ua ʻona ʻo ia a ʻaʻole hiki ke kū i kona mau wāwae. I ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana iā Lover Man, ua kākoʻo ka mea hana ʻo Ross Russell iā Parker.
Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Parker mai ka haukapila psychiatric, ua manaʻo nui ʻo ia. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Charlie i kekahi o nā haku mele nui loa o kāna repertoire.
Ma mua o ka haʻalele ʻana iā Kaleponi, ua hoʻokuʻu ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka Relaxin 'at Camarillo theme no ka hanohano o kona noho ʻana i ka haukapila. Eia naʻe, i kona hoʻi ʻana i New York, ua lawe ʻo ia i kahi maʻamau kahiko. Ua ʻai maoli ʻo Heroin i ke ola o kahi mea kaulana.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi e pili ana iā Charlie Parker
- ʻO nā inoa o nā mele he nui i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Charlie e pili ana i nā manu.
- I ka makahiki 1948, ua loa'a i ka mea pena ke po'o inoa o "Musician of the Year" (e like me ka puke hanohano "Metronome").
- E pili ana i ke ʻano o ka inoa inoa "Ptah", ʻokoʻa nā manaʻo. ʻO kekahi o nā mana kaulana loa e like me kēia: nā hoaaloha i kapa ʻia ʻo Charlie "Bird" no ke aloha nui o ka mea pena i ka moa palai. ʻO kekahi manaʻo ʻo ia ʻoiai ʻo ia e huakaʻi pū ana me kāna hui, ua holo hewa ʻo Parker i loko o kahi hale moa.
- Ua ʻōlelo nā hoaaloha o Charlie Parker ua mākaukau ʻo ia i ka mele - mai ʻEulopa kahiko a i ʻAmelika Latina a me ka ʻāina.
- Ma hope o kona ola ʻana, ua hoʻohuli ʻo Parker i Islam, a lilo i lālā o ka neʻe ʻana o Ahmadiyya ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
Make o Charlie Parker
Ua hala ʻo Charlie Parker i ka lā 12 o Malaki, 1955. Ua make pono ʻo ia i ka wā e nānā ana i ka hōʻike Dorsey Brothers Orchestra ma TV.
Ua make ka mea pena i ka hoʻouka kaua ma ke kua o ka cirrhosis o ke ake. Ua ʻino ʻo Parker. I ka hiki ʻana mai o nā kauka e nānā iā ia, hāʻawi lākou iā Parker i 53 mau makahiki, ʻoiai ʻo Charlie he 34 i kona manawa i make ai.
ʻO ka poʻe pā i makemake e ʻike i ka moʻolelo o ka mea pena kiʻi e nānā pono i ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka moʻolelo o Charlie Parker. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ke kiʻi "Bird" i alakaʻi ʻia e Clint Eastwood. ʻO ka hana nui ma ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni i hele i Forest Whitaker.
