Igor Stravinsky: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

He haku mele kaulana ʻo Igor Stravinsky. Ua komo ʻo ia i ka papa inoa o nā kiʻi koʻikoʻi o ka honua. Eia kekahi, ʻo ia kekahi o nā ʻelele kaulana loa o ka modernism.

ʻO ka hoʻokipa pūnaewele ʻo Hosta Blanca

ʻO ka Modernism kahi moʻomeheu moʻomeheu i hiki ke ʻike ʻia e ka puka ʻana o nā ʻano hou. ʻO ka manaʻo o ka modernism ka luku ʻana i nā manaʻo i hoʻokumu ʻia, a me nā manaʻo kuʻuna.

ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka'ōpio

Ua hānau ʻia ka haku mele kaulana i ka makahiki 1882 ma kahi o St. Petersburg. Ua pili nā mākua o Igor me ka hoʻokumu. Ua hana ka makuahine o Stravinsky ma ke ʻano he pianist - ua hele pū ka wahine me kāna kāne, nāna i hana ma ke ʻano he soloist ma ka Mariinsky Theatre.

Igor Stravinsky: Kawaihae o ka haku mele
Igor Stravinsky: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

Ua hoʻohana ʻo Igor i kona wā kamaliʻi ma kahi ʻohana kuʻuna a me ka naʻauao. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi manawa kūpono e kipa aku ai i ka hale keaka a nānā i ka pāʻani kupanaha a kona mau mākua. ʻO nā mea hoʻokani mele kaulana, nā haku mele, nā mea kākau a me nā mea akeakamai nā malihini o ka Hale Stravinsky.

Mai ka wā liʻiliʻi, hoʻomaka ʻo Igor e hoihoi i ke mele. I ka makahiki 9, ua noho ʻo ia ma ka piano no ka manawa mua. Ma hope o ka puka ʻana mai ke kula kiʻekiʻe, koi nā mākua e loaʻa i kā lāua keiki ke kēkelē kānāwai. Ua neʻe ʻo Stravinsky e noho i ke kapikala moʻomeheu o Rusia - St. Petersburg. Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka hana mele. Eia kekahi, ua lawe ʻo ia i nā haʻawina mele pilikino mai Rimsky-Korsakov.

Uaʻike kokeʻo Rimsky-Korsakov i mua ona he nugget maoli. Ua ʻōlelo ka haku mele i ke kanaka ʻōpio ʻaʻole e komo i loko o ka conservatory, ʻoiai ua lawa ka ʻike i loaʻa i ka mea hoʻokani pila e haʻi leo nui iā ia iho.

Ua aʻo ʻo Korsakov i ka papa i ka ʻike kumu o ka orkestra. Ua kōkua pū ʻo ia i ka haku mele novice e hoʻomaikaʻi i nā haku mele.

ʻO ke ala hana a ka maestro Igor Stravinsky

I ka makahiki 1908, ua ho'okani 'ia kekahi mau mele a Igor e ka 'aha mele. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i nā hana "Faun and Shepherdess" a me "Symphony in E flat major". ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻokō ʻo Sergei Diaghilev i ka scherzo orchestral a ka maestro.

I kona lohe ʻana i ke mele nani o kahi haku mele Lūkini akamai, makemake ʻo ia e ʻike pilikino iā ia. Ma hope mai ua kauoha ʻo ia i kekahi mau hoʻonohonoho no ka ballet Lūkini ma ke kapikala Farani. ʻO ia neʻe i hōʻike ʻia i ka lehulehu e ʻike ʻia ke kālena o Stravinsky ma ka honua.

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua hana ʻia ka mua o nā mele hou a Stravinsky, a ma hope iho ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he ʻelele mālamalama o ka modernism. Ma waena o nā mea i haku ʻia, ʻo ia ka hoʻokani pila no ka ballet The Firebird.

Ma ka nalu o ka kaulana, ua noʻonoʻo ka maestro i ka hana ʻana i kahi hoʻomana symphonic, kahi i hoʻoulu ai i nā manaʻo maikaʻi i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Parisian. Ua kapa ʻia ka hana hou a ka mea haku mele "The Rite of Spring". Ua māhele ʻia ke anaina i ʻelua mau kahua hoʻomoana. Ua mahalo kekahi i ka manaʻo wiwo ʻole o Igor. A ʻo nā mea ʻē aʻe, ua lohe ʻia i loko o nā mele mele o ka palaka i hele ma waho o nā palena o ka mea i ʻae ʻia.

Mai ia manawa i hoʻomaka ai ʻo Igor e kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka mea kākau o kēlā "Rite of Spring", a me kahi mea hoʻomāinoino. Ma hope o kēlā, haʻalele ʻo ia iā Rusia ākea. A me kona ʻohana, hele ʻo ia i ka ʻāina o Farani.

Igor Stravinsky: Kawaihae o ka haku mele
Igor Stravinsky: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

Kaua a me ke mele

ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke Kaua Honua Mua i hoʻopau ʻia ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Russian Seasons" ma ke kapikala o Farani. Ua waiho ʻia ʻo Stravinsky me ka loaʻa ʻole o ka waiwai a me ke ʻano o ke ola. Ua hele kekahi ʻohana nui i ka ʻāina ʻo Switzerland. A laila ʻaʻohe kālā ʻo Igor. I loko o kēia manawa ua hana ʻo ia i nā moʻolelo moʻomeheu Lūkini.

I kēia manawa, ua kākau ʻo Igor i nā mele koʻikoʻi a me ka ascetic, ʻo ka pono nui o ia ka rhythm. I ka makahiki 1914, hoʻomaka ka maestro e hana i ka ballet Les Noces. Ma hope o 9 mau makahiki, hiki iā Stravinsky ke hōʻike i ka hana. ʻO ka hoʻokani pila i ka ballet i hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o nā haku mele Lūkini i hana ʻia ma ka male ʻana a me ka male ʻana.

Ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i ka ballet, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e wehe i ka nationalism mai kāna mau mele. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo ia i nā mea i hana ʻia ma ke ʻano neoclassical. Ua "hoʻokani" ka maestro i nā mele kahiko o ʻEulopa ma kāna ʻano ponoʻī. Mai ka makahiki 1924, ua hooki ʻo ia i ka haku mele. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Igor i ke alakaʻi. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke Kaua Honua II, ua kaulana loa kāna mau haku mele ma kona ʻāina hānau.

I ka manawa like, ua hoʻomaka hou ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "Russian Seasons" ma Farani. ʻAʻole lākou ma ka pae like. I ka makahiki 1928, ua hōʻike ʻo Diaghilev lāua ʻo Stravinsky i ka ballet Apollo Musagete. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua make ʻo Diaghilev. Ma hope o kona make ʻana, ua haki ka hui.

ʻO ka makahiki 1926 he makahiki makaʻala no ka haku mele. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i ka hoʻololi ʻuhane. Hoʻopili kēia hanana i ka hana a ka maestro. Ua lohe ʻia nā kumu hoʻomana i kāna mau haku mele. ʻO ka haku mele "Oedipus Rex" a me ka cantata "Symphony of Psalms" i hōʻike i ka hoʻomohala ʻuhane o ka maestro. Ua hana ʻia nā librettos ma ka ʻōlelo Latina no nā hana i hōʻike ʻia.

ʻO ka pilikia noʻonoʻo o ka mea haku mele ʻo Igor Stravinsky

I kēia manawa, kaulana ka avant-garde ma nā ʻāina ʻEulopa. A inā no kekahi poʻe haku mele he hauʻoli kēia hanana. No Stravinsky, ma ke ʻano he ʻelele o ka neoclassicism, he pilikia hana.

Ua ʻoi aku kona manaʻo. Ua puka ka maestro. Hōʻailona ʻia kēia manawa e ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana o kekahi mau mele: "Cantata", "In Memory of Dylan Thomas".

ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua loaʻa ka haku mele i ka maʻi maʻi. ʻOiai ka pōʻino o ke olakino, ʻaʻole ʻo Igor e haʻalele i ke kahua. Ua hana ʻo ia a haku i nā hana hou. ʻO ka haku mele hope loa ʻo "Requiem". I ka manawa i kākau ai i ka haku mele, he 84 makahiki ʻo Stravinsky. Ua hōʻike ka haku mele i ka ikaika nui a me ka hoihoi o ka mea nāna i hana.

Igor Stravinsky: Kawaihae o ka haku mele
Igor Stravinsky: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

Nā kikoʻī o ke ola pilikino

Laki ka haku mele i ka loaʻa ʻana o kāna aloha i ka makahiki 1906. Ua lilo ʻo Ekaterina Nosenko i wahine mana a ka maestro. Ua hānau ka wahine iā Igor iʻehā mau keiki. Aneane na keiki a Stravinsky i hahai i ka meheu o ko lakou makuakane kaulana. Ua hoʻohui lākou i ko lākou ola me ka noʻonoʻo.

Ua pilikia ʻo Nosenko i ka ʻai ʻana. ʻAʻole kūpono ke ea o St. Petersburg i ka wahine, a ʻoi aku ka ʻino o kona ʻano. I kēlā me kēia manawa, noho ʻo ia me kona ʻohana ma Switzerland.

I ka makahiki 1914, ʻaʻole i haʻalele ka ʻohana Stravinsky i Switzerland a hoʻi i ko lākou ʻāina hānau. Ua hiki mai ke Kaua Honua Mua. Ma hope o ke kaua, ua kipi ka honua. Ua kani nā slogan hoʻonāukiuki ma nā wahi a pau. Ma St. Petersburg, ua haʻalele ka Stravinskys i ka nui o ke kālā a me ka waiwai. Ua kailiia ko lakou waiwai a pau. Ua waiho ʻia nā Stravinsky me ka ʻole o ke ola a me ka hale ma luna o ko lākou mau poʻo.

No ka maestro, he pōʻino kēia, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ʻo ia i kākoʻo i kāna wahine a me kāna mau keiki. Akā ʻo kona makuahine ponoʻī nō hoʻi, a me nā moʻopuna. Aia ka "chaos" ma ka ʻāina o ka ʻāina hānau. ʻAʻole i uku hou ʻia ʻo Igor i ke kālā no ka hana ʻana i nā haku mele, ʻoiai ʻo ia i neʻe aku. ʻAʻohe ona koho ma mua o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā puke hou o kāna mau hana.

I ka manawa i loaʻa ai ka mea haku mele i kahi hihia me Coco Chanel, nāna i kōkua iā ia i ke kālā i kona wā i pilikia kālā. No kekahi mau makahiki i ka lālani, noho ʻo Stravinsky a me kāna wahine ma ka villa o Koko. ʻAʻole kākoʻo ka wahine iā ia wale nō, akā he ʻohana nui pū kekahi. No laila, makemake ʻo ia e hōʻike i ka mahalo i ka haku mele kaulana.

I ka hoʻoponoponoʻana o Igor i kāna kūlana kālā, ua hoʻounaʻo Koko iā ia i ke kālā no nā makahiki he 10. Ua lilo kēia i kumu no ka manaʻo ʻana ʻaʻole he pilina aloha wale nō ma waena o ka haku mele a me ka mea hoʻolālā.

I ka makahiki 1939 ua make ka wahine a Stravinsky. ʻAʻole i lōʻihi ke kaumaha o ka haku mele. I kona neʻe ʻana i ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, makemake ʻo ia iā Vera Studeykina. Ua lilo ʻo ia i wahine mana ʻelua. Noho pū lāua no 50 makahiki. Ua kamaʻilio ʻia lāua ma ke ʻano he kāne maikaʻi loa. Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka ʻohana ma nā wahi a pau. ʻO Igor, i kona ʻike ʻana iā Vera, ua pua wale.

ʻO nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka haku mele ʻo Igor Stravinsky

  1. Maikaʻi ʻo ia i ke kaha kiʻi, a he akamai nō hoʻi i ka pena pena. Loaʻa iā ia kahi waihona waiwai, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia i ka hana noʻeau.
  2. Ua makaʻu loa ʻo Igor i ke anu. Ua ʻaʻahu maikaʻi ʻo ia a ʻaʻahu mau i nā lole mahana. Ua mālama ʻo Stravinsky i kona olakino, a i kēlā me kēia manawa ua hana ʻo ia i nā hoʻokolohua pale me nā kauka.
  3. Ua makemake ʻo Stravinsky i ka wai ʻawaʻawa. Ua hoʻohenehene ʻo ia e lawe ʻo ia i ka pseudonym "Straviskey". ʻO ka waiʻona i loko o ke ola o ka maestro ua maʻalahi.
  4. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo ia i ka poʻe kamaʻilio leo nui. Ua makaʻu a hoʻoweliweli lākou i ka maestro.
  5. ʻAʻole makemake ʻo Stravinsky i ka hoʻohewa, akā hiki iā ia ke haʻi pinepine i nā manaʻo maikaʻi ʻole e pili ana i kāna mau hoa.

Igor Stravinsky: ʻO nā makahiki hope o kona ola

Ua hala ʻo ia ma ka lā 6 ʻApelila, 1971. ʻO ke kumu o ka make ʻana o ka puʻuwai. Ua kanu ka lua o ka wahine iā Stravinsky ma Venice, ma ka ʻāpana Lūkini o ka hale kupapaʻu ʻo San Michele. Ua ola kāna wahine iā Igor ma mua o 10 mau makahiki. Ma hope o ka make ʻana o Vera, kanu ʻia ʻo ia ma kahi kokoke i kāna kāne.

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