ʻO Leonard Cohen kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani pila o nā makahiki 1960, a ua hoʻokō ʻo ia i ka mālama ʻana i ka lehulehu ma mua o ʻeono mau makahiki o ka haku mele.
Ua ʻoi aku ka lanakila o ka mea mele i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe hoʻohewa a me nā mea mele ʻōpio ma mua o nā mea mele ʻē aʻe o nā makahiki 1960 i hoʻomau i ka hana i ka XNUMXst century.
ʻO ka mea kākau akamai a me ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Leonard Cohen
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Cohen ma Sepatemaba 21, 1934 i kahi ʻohana Iudaio waena ma Westmount, kahi ʻāpana o Montreal, Quebec, Kanada. ʻO kona makuakāne he mea kālepa lole (ʻo ia hoʻi ke kēkelē i ka ʻenekinia mechanical), i make i ka makahiki 1943 i ka makahiki ʻeiwa o Cohen.
Na kona makuahine i paipai iā Cohen ma ke ʻano he mea kākau. ʻOi aku ka koʻikoʻi o kona ʻano i ke mele.
Ua lilo ʻo ia i hoihoi i ka guitar i ka makahiki 13 e hoʻohauʻoli i kahi kaikamahine. Akā naʻe, ua maikaʻi ʻo Leonard e pāʻani i nā mele ʻāina a me ke komohana i nā hale ʻaina kūloko, a ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokumu i ka Buckskin Boys.
I ka makahiki 17, ua komo ʻo ia i ke Kulanui ʻo McGill. I kēia manawa ua kākau ʻo ia i nā mele me ka ikaika a ua lilo ʻo ia i ʻāpana o ke kaiāulu liʻiliʻi ma lalo o ka honua a me ka bohemian.
Ua aʻo ʻia ʻo Cohen mediocre, akā kākau maikaʻi loa, no laila ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana McNorton.
Hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o kona haʻalele ʻana i ke kula, ua paʻi ʻo Leonard i kāna puke mele mua. Loaʻa nā loiloi maikaʻi akā kūʻai maikaʻi ʻole ʻia. I ka makahiki 1961, ua paʻi ʻo Cohen i kāna puke mele ʻelua, i lilo i kūleʻa pāʻoihana honua.
Ua hoʻomau ʻo ia i ka paʻi ʻana i kāna hana, me kekahi mau moʻolelo, The Favorite Game (1963) a me The Beautiful Losers (1966), a me nā hōʻiliʻili o nā mele ʻo Flowers for Hitler (1964) a me Parasites of Heaven (1966). .
E hoʻi i ka mele a Leonard Cohen
ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻomaka hou ai ʻo Leonard e kākau mele. Ua hoʻohui ʻo Judy Collins i ke mele ʻo Suzanne me nā mele a Cohen i kāna repertoire a hoʻokomo iā ia ma kāna album In My Life.
Ua hoʻolaha mau ʻia ka moʻolelo Suzanne ma ka lekiō. Ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Cohen ma ke ʻano he haku mele ma ka album ʻO Dress Rehearsal Rag.
Na Collins i hoʻohuli iā Cohen e hoʻi i ka hana hoʻokani, āna i haʻalele ai i kāna mau lā kula. Ua hana ʻo ia i kāna hana mua i ke kauwela o 1967 ma Newport Folk Festival, a ukali ʻia e nā ʻaha mele kūleʻa maikaʻi ma New York.
ʻO kekahi o ka poʻe i ʻike iā Cohen e hoʻokani ana ma Newport ʻo John Hammond Sr., he mea hana kaʻao i hoʻomaka kāna ʻoihana i nā makahiki 1930. Ua hana pū ʻo ia me Billie Holiday, Benny Goodman a me Bob Dylan.
Ua kau inoa ʻo Hammond iā Cohen i Columbia Records a kōkua iā ia e hoʻopaʻa i nā mele a Leonard Cohen, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma mua o ka Kalikimaka 1967.
ʻOiai ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo maikaʻi ʻia ka album ma ke mele a me ka melancholy, ua lilo ka hana i mea paʻa koke i nā pōʻai o nā poʻe mele a me nā haku mele.
I ka wā i hoʻolohe ai nā miliona o ka poʻe mele mele i nā lua o nā album a Bob Dylan a me Simon & Garfunkel, ua loaʻa koke ʻo Cohen i kahi pōʻai liʻiliʻi akā kūpaʻa. Ua kūʻai nā haumāna kulanui i kāna mau moʻolelo e nā tausani; ʻelua mau makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana, ua kūʻai ʻia ka moʻolelo me ke kahe ʻana o ka 100 tausani kope.
ʻO nā mele a Leonard Cohen i pili loa i ka lehulehu a ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Cohen kokoke koke.
Ma muli o ke ʻano o kāna hana mele, ʻaneʻane haʻalele ʻo ia i kāna ʻoihana ʻē aʻe - i ka makahiki 1968 ua paʻi ʻo ia i kahi puke hou, Selected Poems: 1956-1968, i komo pū me nā hana kahiko a i paʻi hou ʻia. No kēia hōʻiliʻili, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi makana mai ke Kiaʻāina Nui o Kanada.
I kēlā manawa, ua lilo maoli ʻo ia i ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ke kahua pōhaku. No kekahi manawa, noho ʻo Cohen ma ka New York Chelsea Hotel, kahi o kona mau hoalauna ʻo Janis Joplin a me nā mea hoʻomālamalama ʻē aʻe, ʻo kekahi o lākou ka mana kūpono i kāna mau mele.
ʻO Melancholy ke poʻomanaʻo nui o ka noʻonoʻo
ʻO kāna mele mele mele mai kahi lumi (1969) i hōʻike ʻia e ka ʻuhane melancholy - ʻoiai ʻo ka mea ikaika loa ʻo A Bunch of Lonesome Heroes i loko o nā manaʻo kaumaha loa, a ʻaʻole i kākau ʻia hoʻokahi mele e Cohen.
He moʻolelo ʻeleʻele ka Partisan single no nā kumu a me nā hopena o ke kūʻē ʻana i ka hana ʻino, e hōʻike ana i nā laina e like me She died me ka hāwanawana ʻole ("She died silently"), me nā kiʻi o ka makani e pā ana i nā lua kupapaʻu.
Ua hoʻopaʻa hou ʻo Joan Baez i ke mele, a i kāna hana ʻana, ua ʻoi aku ka hauʻoli a me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka mea hoʻolohe.
Ma keʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka album ma mua o ka hana ma mua. ʻO ka hana haʻahaʻa a Bob Johnston (kokoke i ka liʻiliʻi) ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka album. ʻOiai ua loaʻa i ka album nā mele Birdon the Wire a me The Story of Isaac, i lilo i mea hoʻokūkū no ka album mua a Suzanne.
ʻO ka Moʻolelo ʻo ʻIsaaka, he ʻōlelo nane mele e pili ana i nā kiʻi Baibala e pili ana iā Vietnam, ʻo ia kekahi o nā mele ʻoi loa a ʻoi loa ka puʻuwai o ka neʻe kaua. Ma kēia hana, ua hōʻike ʻo Cohen i ke kiʻekiʻe o kāna talena mele a kākau, e like me ka mea hiki.
Phenomenon Pōmaikaʻi
ʻAʻole paha he mea hoʻokani kaulana ʻo Cohen, akā ʻo kona leo kūʻokoʻa, a me ka ikaika o kāna talena kākau, ua kōkua iā ia e komo i ka niche o nā mea pena kiʻi pōhaku maikaʻi loa.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ka 1970 Isle of Wight Festival ma ʻEnelani, kahi i ʻākoakoa ai nā hōkū pōhaku me nā moʻolelo e like me Jimi Hendrix. Ke nānā aku nei ʻo Cohen me ke ʻano ʻino i mua o ia mau superstars, hoʻokani ʻo Cohen i ke kīkā acoustic i mua o kahi anaina o 600 poʻe.
Ma ke ala, ua hoʻopili hou ʻo Cohen i kahi ʻano like me ka mea i hauʻoli ʻia e Bob Dylan ma mua o kāna huakaʻi i nā makahiki 1970. A laila kūʻai ka poʻe i kāna mau album ma nā ʻumi, a i kekahi manawa he mau haneli haneli.
Me he mea lā ua ʻike ka poʻe pā iā ia he mea hoʻokani hou loa a kū hoʻokahi. No kēia mau mea pena kiʻi ʻelua i aʻo ʻia ma ka waha o ka waha ma mua o ka lekiō a i ʻole ke kīwī.
Pili me ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni
ʻO ke mele ʻekolu a Cohen ʻo Songs of Love and Hate (1971) kekahi o kāna mau hana ikaika loa, i hoʻopiha ʻia me nā mele puʻupuʻu a me nā mele i like like me ka flamboyant a me ka minimalist.
Ua hoʻokō ʻia ke kaulike ma muli o nā leo o Cohen. I kēia lā, ʻo nā mele kaulana loa ʻo: Joan of Arc, Dress Rehearsal Rag (hoʻopaʻa ʻia e Judy Collins) a me Kaulana Blue Raincoat.
ʻO ka album Songs of Love and Hate, i hui pū ʻia me Suzanne, ua lawe mai ʻo Cohen i kumu punahele nui a puni ka honua.
Ua ʻike ʻo Cohen iā ia iho i koi ʻia i ka honua o ka hana kiʻiʻoniʻoni pāʻoihana, ʻoiai ua hoʻohana ʻo Robert Altman i kāna mele i kāna kiʻi ʻoniʻoni McCabe lāua ʻo Mrs. Miller (1971), ka mea i hoʻokani iā Warren Beatty lāua ʻo Julie Christie.
I ka makahiki aʻe, ua paʻi pū ʻo Leonard Cohen i kahi hōʻiliʻili mele hou, Slave Energy. Ma 1973 ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i ka album Leonard Cohen: Live Songs.
I ka makahiki 1973, ua lilo kāna mele i kumu no ka hana keaka ʻo Sisters of Mercy, i hāpai ʻia e Gene Lesser a hoʻokumu nui ʻia ma ke ola o Cohen a i ʻole kahi manaʻo noʻonoʻo o kona ola.
Wehe a hana hou
Ma kahi o ʻekolu mau makahiki i hala ma waena o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o Songs of Love and Hate and Cohen's next album. Ua manaʻo ka hapa nui o ka poʻe pā a me ka poʻe hoʻohewa ʻo ka Live-album ke kumu o ka hana a ka mea pena.
Eia nō naʻe, paʻahana ʻo ia i ka hana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me ʻEulopa i ka makahiki 1971 a me 1972, a i ka wā o ke Kaua Yom Kippur ma 1973 ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ʻIseraʻela. ʻO ia ka manawa i hoʻomaka ai ʻo ia e hana pū me ka mea hoʻokani piano a me ka mea hoʻonohonoho ʻo John Lissauer, āna i hoʻolimalima ai e hana i kāna album hou, New Skin for the Old Ceremony (1974).
Me he mea lā ua ola kēia album i ka manaʻo a me ka manaʻoʻiʻo o kāna poʻe pā, e hoʻolauna ana iā Cohen i kahi ʻano mele ākea.
I ka makahiki aʻe, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Columbia Records i ka The Best of Leonard Cohen, kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia he ʻumi o kāna mau mele kaulana loa (hits) i hoʻokani ʻia e nā mea mele ʻē aʻe.
"Holo" album
I ka makahiki 1977, ua komo hou ʻo Cohen i ka mākeke mele me Death of a Ladies Man, ka album hoʻopaʻapaʻa loa o kāna ʻoihana, i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Phil Spector.
ʻO ka hopena o ka moʻolelo i hoʻokomo pono i ka mea hoʻolohe i ke ʻano kaumaha o Cohen, e hōʻike ana i kāna mau leo leo liʻiliʻi. No ka manawa mua i ka hana a Cohen, ua mamao loa kāna mau mele i kēia manawa mai kahi hōʻailona maikaʻi.
Ua ʻike nui ʻia ka ʻoluʻolu ʻole o Cohen i ka album ma waena o ka poʻe pā, ka mea i kūʻai nui aku iā ia me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana, no laila ʻaʻole ia i hōʻeha i ka inoa o ka mea mele.
Ua ʻoi aku ka kūleʻa o kā Cohen album Recent Songs (1979) a hōʻike i ka hīmeni ʻana a Leonard mai ka ʻaoʻao maikaʻi loa. Ma ka hana pū ʻana me ka mea hana ʻo Henry Levy, ua hōʻike ka album i nā leo o Cohen e like me ke ʻano a me ka hōʻike ʻana i kāna ʻano mālie.
ʻO ka Sābati a me ka Buddhism
Ma hope o ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā album ʻelua, ua ukali kekahi sabbatical. Eia nō naʻe, ʻike ʻia ka makahiki 1991 i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o I'm Your Fan: The Songs featuring REM, the Pixies, Nick Cave & The Bad Seeds a me John Cale, nāna i hoʻomaikaʻi iā Cohen i ka mea haku mele.
Ua hopu ka mea pena kiʻi i ka manawa kūpono ma ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i ka album The Future, kahi i kamaʻilio e pili ana i nā hoʻoweliweli he nui e kū ai ke kanaka i nā makahiki a me nā makahiki e hiki mai ana.
Ma waena o kēia hana, ua komo ʻo Cohen i kahi pae hou i kona ola. ʻAʻole i mamao loa nā mea hoʻomana mai kona manaʻo a me kāna hana.
Ua noho ʻo ia ma nā mauna ma ka Baldy Zen Center (kahi hoʻi ʻana i ka Buddhist ma Kaleponi), a lilo ʻo ia i kamaʻāina mau a me ka mōneka Buddhist i ka hopena o 1990s.
Ka hopena i ka moʻomeheu
ʻElima mau makahiki ma hope o kona lilo ʻana i mea kākau moʻolelo lehulehu a laila he mea hoʻokani, ua noho ʻo Cohen i kekahi o nā kiʻi enigmatic loa i ka mele.
I ka makahiki 2010, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi pahu wikiō a me nā leo leo "Songs from the Road", nāna i hoʻopaʻa i kāna huakaʻi honua 2008 (i holo maoli a hiki i ka hopena o 2010). Ua uhi ka huakaʻi i nā ʻaha mele he 84 a kūʻai aku ma luna o 700 tiketi ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.
Ma hope o kahi huakaʻi honua ʻē aʻe i loaʻa iā ia ka ʻike honua, ua hoʻi koke ʻo Cohen, uncharacteristically, i ke keena me ka mea hana (a me ka mea kākau inoa) ʻo Patrick Leonard, e hoʻokuʻu ana i ʻeiwa mau mele hou, ʻo kekahi o ia ʻo Born in Chains.
Ua kākau ʻia he 40 makahiki i hala. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Cohen i ka huakaʻi a puni ka honua me ka ikaika nui a ma Dekemaba 2014 ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo ia i kāna album ola ʻekolu, Live in Dublin.
Ua hoʻi ka mea mele i ka hana ma nā mea hou, ʻoiai ua pōʻino kona olakino. Ma Sepatemaba 21, 2016, ua puka mai ke mele You Want It Darker ma ka Pūnaewele. ʻO kēia hana ke mele hope loa a Leonard Cohen. Ua hala ʻo ia ma lalo o ʻekolu pule ma hope o Nowemapa 7, 2016.
