ʻO Muddy Waters kahi mea kaulana a hoʻomana hoʻi. Ua kū ka mea hoʻokani pila i ke kumu o ka hoʻokumuʻana i nā blues. Eia kekahi, hoʻomanaʻo kekahi hanauna iā ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani pila kaulana a he kiʻi o nā mele ʻAmelika. Mahalo i nā haku mele o Muddy Waters, ua hana ʻia ka moʻomeheu ʻAmelika no kekahi mau hanauna i ka manawa hoʻokahi.
ʻO ka mea hoʻokani mele ʻAmelika he mea hoʻoikaika maoli ia no nā mele Pelekania o nā makahiki 1960 mua. Ua koho ʻia ʻo Muddy i ka 17th ma waena o ka 100 Greatest Artists of All Time ma ka papa inoa o Rolling Stone.
He nui ka poʻe e hoʻomanaʻo iā Muddy mahalo i ke mele ʻo Mannish Boy, i lilo i mea hōʻailona o ka mea pena. Inā ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻo Waters i nā leo ikaika, a me kāna mau ʻāpana kīkā, ʻaʻole paha i lilo ʻo Chicago i kūlanakauhale mele.
ʻO ka hana a ka mea pena kiʻi ʻaʻole i loaʻa kahi "lā pau". Hiki ke lohe ʻia nā haku mele a Waters ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni a me nā moʻolelo TV. Ua hana ʻia kahi helu nui o nā mana uhi no nā mele mele a ka mea hoʻokani.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻia ʻo Matty Waters i ka Blues Hall of Fame ma 1980 a me ka Rock and Roll Hall of Fame ma 1987. I nā makahiki 1990 mua, ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Eia hou, ua kau ka US Postal Service i ke kiʻi o ka mea hoʻokani pila ma kahi hōʻailona 29 keneta.
ʻO ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio o Muddy Waters
I nā makahiki hope o kona ola, ua ʻōlelo ka mea hoʻokani pila no ka hānau ʻana ma Rolling Fork, Mississippi, i ka makahiki 1915. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia kēia ʻike he hilinaʻi.
Ua hānau ʻia ka mea kaulana i ka wā e hiki mai ana ma Jug's Corner ma kahi kokoke i Issaquena County (Mississippi) i ka makahiki 1913. Ua ʻike ʻia nā palapala e hōʻoia ana i ka makahiki 1930 a me 1940 ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Muddy i hānau ʻia ma 1913. Hōʻike ʻia kēia lā ma ka palapala male.
Ua ʻike ʻia ua hānai ʻia ʻo Maddy e kona kupuna wahine ponoʻī. Ua make koke kona makuahine ma hope o ka hānau ʻana o kāna keiki. Ua kapa ʻo Tūtū wahine i kāna moʻopuna ʻo Muddy, ʻo ia hoʻi ka "palapala" ma ka ʻōlelo Pelekania, no kona aloha i ka pāʻani i ka lepo. Ke kūkulu ʻana i kahi ʻoihana hoʻomohala, ua lawe ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka pseudonym hana ʻo Muddy Water. Ma hope iki, hana ʻo ia ma lalo o ka inoa ʻo Muddy Waters.
Me ke mele, ua kamaʻāina ʻo Muddy i ka harmonica. I ka makahiki 17, ua hoʻokani ke kanaka ʻōpio i ke kīkā. A laila, ʻaʻohe ona ʻano hīmeni ponoʻī. Ua hoʻohālike ʻo ia i nā bluesmen o nā makahiki 1940 a me 1950.
Ua hoʻomaka ke aloha i ka blues ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i nā haku mele a Charlie Patton, Robert Johnson, a me Sun House. He kii Muddy maoli ka hope. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu, ua haku kaʻawale ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka pāʻani guitar battleneck. Ua kau ke kanaka ʻōpio i ka ʻāʻī omole i haki ma kona manamana lima waena. Ua aʻo au e "holo" iā lākou me ke kani ʻana ma nā kaula kīkā.
ʻO ke ala hana o Muddy Waters
I ka makahiki 1940, hele ʻo Muddy e lanakila ma Chicago. Ua pāʻani ka mea hoʻokani pila me Silas Green. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Mississippi. ʻAʻole ia ka manawa maikaʻi loa i ke ola o ka mea pena. Ua hoʻohana ka wai i ka moonshine, ua lōʻihi ka manawa ma kahi pā me kahi pahu juke.
Ua hoʻololi ʻo 1941 i nā mea āpau. I kēia makahiki ua hele mai ʻo Alan Lomax i Stovall, Mississippi ma ka ʻaoʻao o ka Hale Waihona Puke o Congress. Ua hāʻawi ʻia iā ia ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā mea hoʻokani pila o ka ʻāina a me nā bluesmen. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Alan i kahi mele i hana ʻia e Waters Muddy.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Lomax e hoʻopaʻa hou iā Muddy. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia nā kau ʻelua ma ka hui ʻana o Down On Stovall's Plantation ma ka lepili kaulana o ke Kauoha. Hiki ke loaʻa nā palapala hoʻopaʻa piha ma ka disc Muddy Waters: The Complete Plantation Recordings.
ʻElua makahiki ma hope mai, hele hou ʻo Muddy i Chicago. Ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e loaʻa kahi hana manawa piha ma ke ʻano he mele. I ka wā mua, ua lawe ke kanaka i kekahi hana - ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokele, a he mea hoʻokele.
Ua kōkua ʻo Big Bill Broonzy i ka haʻalele ʻana o Muddy i kahi hana kūpono ʻole i kāna talena. Ua kōkua ʻo ia i ke kālena ʻōpio e loaʻa kahi hana ma kahi hui ʻo Chicago. Ma hope koke iho ua kūʻai ʻo Joe Grant (ʻAnakala Muddy) i kīkā uila iā ia. ʻO ka hope, ua ʻike ʻia ke talena o Waters.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻopaʻa ka mea hoʻokani pila i nā mele no Mayo Williams ma ke Kulanui ʻo Columbia. ʻAʻole naʻe i paʻi ʻia nā haku mele i kēlā manawa. I ka makahiki 1946, ua ho'āʻo ka mea hoʻokani e hui pū me Aristocrat Records.
I ka makahiki 1947, hoʻokani ka mea hoʻokani pila me ka mea hoʻokani piano ʻo Sunnywell Slim ma nā ʻoki o Gypsy Woman a me Little Anna Mae. ʻO ka mea pōʻino, ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ua piʻi ka kaulana o Muddy. Ua noho mau ʻo ia me ka ʻike ʻole ʻia e ka poʻe pā blues.
ʻO ka hikiʻana mai o ka kaulana
Ua loli ke kūlana i ka makahiki 1948 ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i nā mele ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke ʻoluʻolu I Feel Like Going Home. ʻO nā haku mele i ʻōlelo ʻia i lilo i mea hoʻokani maoli. Ua hoʻonui ka kaulana o Muddy i mau haneli mau manawa. Ma hope o kēlā, ua hoʻololi ka inoa ʻo Aristocrat Records i kona inoa i Chess Records, a ua lilo ka mele a Muddy ʻo Rollin' Stone i mea kaulana loa.
ʻAʻole ʻae nā mea nona ka lepili iā Muddy e hoʻohana i kāna hoʻokani pila i ka wā e hoʻopaʻa ʻia ai nā mele. No ka hana ʻana i kēia, ua kono lākou i kā lākou "basist" a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokani mele i ʻākoakoa kūikawā no ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka hālāwai.
Hoʻokumu ʻia o ka hui
Akā ua hoʻokuʻu koke nā mea nona ka lepili. Ua hui pū ʻo Muddy i kekahi o nā pūʻulu blues kaulana loa ma ka honua. Hoʻokani ʻo Waters i ka harmonica, hoʻokani ʻo Jimmie Rodgers i ke kīkā, hoʻokani ʻo Elga Edmonds i ka pahu a hoʻokani ʻo Otis Spann i ka piano.
Ua hauʻoli ka poʻe aloha mele i nā haku mele: Hoochie Coochie Man, Makemake wau e aloha iā ʻoe, Mākaukau wau. Ma hope o ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia mau mele, ua ala nā mea mele a pau, me ka ʻole o ka mea kaulana.
Me Little Walter lāua ʻo Howlin 'Wolf, ua noho aliʻi ʻo Waters i nā makahiki 1950 mua ma ka hiʻohiʻona ʻo Chicago blues. Ua hui pū nā kālena ʻōpio ʻē aʻe i ka hui o nā mea hoʻokani pila.
Ua kaulana loa nā mele o ka hui ma New Orleans, Chicago a me ka moku Delta o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1950, lawe mai ka hui i kā lākou mau uila uila i ʻEnelani. A laila ua loaʻa iā Muddy ke kūlana o kahi hōkū honua.
Ma hope o ka huakaʻi holomua o ʻEnelani, ua hoʻonui nui ʻo Muddy i ka lehulehu o ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Hoʻokomo pū ʻia ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka manaʻo o ke kaiāulu rock and roll. ʻO kahi hana ma ka Newport Jazz Festival i ka makahiki 1960 i lawe i ka ʻoihana ʻo Waters i ka pae aʻe. Ua hoʻomau ka mea hoʻokani pila i nā manawa, no laila ua kūpono kona mau uila uila i ka hanauna hou.
"Electro Witchcraft" na Muddy Waters
ʻO Muddy Waters ka "makua" a me ka mea nāna i hana i nā blues electro mana. Ua hoʻololi kēia mea hou i ka puka ʻana mai o nā mea pena kiʻi pōhaku e hiki mai ana. Nā mele mele ʻO Mannish Boy, Hoochie Coochie Man, Loaʻa i kaʻu Mojo Workin, Mākaukau wau a makemake wale wau e aloha iā ʻoe i hoʻokumu ʻia a puni ka mea hoʻokani i ke kiʻi o kahi mea pena mele a me ka wahine. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ua hoʻokumu kēia kiʻi i kumu o kahi hōkū pōhaku. Ua ʻimi ka hanauna e hiki mai ana e hana i kahi alahele e pili ana iā ia iho.
I ka makahiki 1967, hui pū ka mea hoʻokani pila me Bo Diddley, Little Walter a me Howlin' Wolfe. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻokuʻu ka poʻe mele i nā hōʻiliʻili kūpono.
ʻElima mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua hoʻi ʻo Muddy i ʻEnelani e hoʻopaʻa i ka The London Muddy Waters Sessions me Rory Gallagher, Steve Winwood, Ric Grech a me Mitch Mitchell. Ua ʻike ka poʻe hoʻohewa i ka hāʻule ʻana o ka hana a nā mea hoʻokani pila i kekahi mau kūlana. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe loea ʻaʻole makemake ka lehulehu i kēlā mau mele.
I ka makahiki 1976, hoʻokani ʻo Waters i kahi huakaʻi aloha me kāna hui. Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka ʻaha mele ma ke ʻano he kiʻiʻoniʻoni na The Last Waltz. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole kēia ka hana hope loa a ka mea pena ma ke kahua.
I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua kau inoa ʻo Johnny Winter a me kāna lepili Blue Sky i kahi ʻaelike me Muddy. He hui hua. ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia ka discography a ka mea pena me LP, Hard Again. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila, ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hana hou i ka kūleʻa o nā makahiki he 10 i hala.
Ke ola pilikino o Muddy Waters
Ma Nowemapa 20, 1932, ua male ka mea hoʻokani pila iā Mabel Bury. ʻOiai ʻo ka hoʻohiki ʻana i ke aloha, ua haʻalele ka wahine iā Maddy i ʻekolu makahiki ma hope. ʻAʻole hiki iā ia ke kala i kāna kāne no ke kipi.
ʻO ke kumu o ka hemo ʻana ʻo ia ka hānau ʻana o kahi keiki mai kekahi wahine ʻē aʻe, ʻo Leola Sepania he 16 makahiki. ʻO ia kekahi o kāna mau hoaaloha a mahalo. ʻAʻole i hoʻohiki ka mea hoʻokani i ke kaikamahine e mare iā ia, ʻo ia kāna wahine kūpaʻa a he hoaaloha.
Ma hope koke iho, ua hala ka hoaaloha o Muddy mai ka maʻi kanesa. Ua huhū loa ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka nalowale ʻana o kahi mea aloha. Pono ʻo ia e ʻimi i ke kōkua olakino.
Ua hui ʻo ia me kāna wahine ʻelua ma Florida. ʻO kāna mea i koho ʻia ʻo Marva Jean Brooks, he 19 makahiki, āna i kapa ai ʻo Sunshine.
Nā Wai Muddy: nā mea hoihoi
- ʻO kekahi o nā mele Rolling Stone mua a Muddy i hāʻawi i ka inoa i kahi makasina mele kaulana. Ma hope o ka manawa, ma lalo o kēia inoa, ua ho'omaka kahi hui i'ike mua'ia e ka honua holo'oko'a.
- Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi mau mele mele a ka mea hoʻokani pila - 500 mau mele i hoʻohālikelike ʻia i ka Rock and Roll.
- I ka makahiki 2008, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni Cadillac Records, ua hoʻokani ʻia ke kuleana o Muddy Waters e Jeffrey Wright.
- ʻO ka'ōlelo kaulana a ka mea pena kiʻi kani: "ʻO kaʻu blues ka blues paʻakikī loa i ka honua e hiki ke pāʻani ...".
Make o ka wai lepo
I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā makahiki 1980, ua emi loa ke olakino o ka mea pena. ʻO ka hana hope a Muddy ma kahi ʻaha mele na ka hui ʻo Eric Clapton ma Florida i ka hāʻule o 1982.
Ma ʻApelila 30, 1983, kū ka puʻuwai o Muddy Waters. Ua kanu ʻia ke kino o ka mea hoʻokani pila ma Restvale Alsip Cemetery (Illinois). He lehulehu ka hoolewa. Ua hele mai nā mea aloha a me nā hoahana ma ke kahua i ka huakaʻi hope loa o ka mea pena.
