ʻO Dmitri Shostakovich he pianist, haku mele, kumu a me ka lehulehu. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā haku mele kaulana loa o ke kenekulia i hala. Ua hiki iā ia ke haku i nā ʻāpana mele he nui.
ʻO ke ala noʻonoʻo a me ke ola o Shostakovich ua hoʻopiha ʻia me nā hanana pōʻino. Akā, mahalo i nā ho'āʻo i hanaʻia e Dmitry Dmitrievich, e koi ana i nā poʻe'ē aʻe e ola aʻaʻole e haʻalele.
Dmitri Shostakovich: kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Maestro i Kepakemapa 1906. Ma waho aʻe o Dima liʻiliʻi, ua hānai nā mākua i ʻelua mau kaikamahine. Ua makemake nui ka ʻohana Shostakovich i ke mele. Ma ka home, ua hoʻonohonoho nā mākua a me nā keiki i nā ʻahamele impromptu.
Ua maikaʻi ka noho ʻana o ka ʻohana, a me ka pōmaikaʻi. Ua hele ʻo Dmitry i kahi hale haʻuki pilikino, a me kahi kula mele kaulana i kapa ʻia ʻo I. A. Glyasser. Ua aʻo ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka palapala mele Shostakovich. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i aʻo i ka haku mele, no laila ua aʻo ʻo Dima i nā nuances āpau o ka haku mele ma kāna iho.
Ua hoʻomanaʻo ʻo Shostakovich i kāna mau memo iā Glasser ma ke ʻano he kanaka ʻino, ʻoluʻolu a narcissistic. ʻOiai ʻo kona ʻike aʻo ʻana, ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻike i ke alakaʻi ʻana i nā haʻawina mele a ʻaʻohe pili i nā keiki. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope mai, ua ha'alele'o Dmitry i ke kula mele, a'o ka ho'ohuli'ana o kona makuahine'a'ole i koi iā ia e ho'ololi i kona mana'o.
I ka wā kamaliʻi, loaʻa i ka maestro kekahi hanana ʻē aʻe āna i hoʻomanaʻo ai no ka manawa lōʻihi. Ua ʻike ʻo ia i kahi hanana weliweli i ka makahiki 1917. Ua ʻike ʻo Dima i ke ʻano o kahi Cossack, e hoʻopuehu ana i ka lehulehu o nā kānaka, ʻoki i kahi keikikāne i ka hapalua. ʻO ka mea kupanaha, ua hoʻoikaika ka hana pōʻino i ka maestro e kākau i ka haku mele "Funeral March in Memory of the Victims of the Revolution."
Loaʻa ka hoʻonaʻauao
Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ke kula pilikino, ua komo 'o Dmitry Dmitrievich i ka Conservatory Petrograd. ʻAʻole kūʻē nā mākua i kā lāua keiki, akā, kākoʻo ʻo ia iā ia. Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ka papa 1, ua haku ka mea haku mele ʻōpio i ka Scherzo fis-moll.
Ma kahi o ka manawa like, ua hoʻopiha hou ʻia kāna waihona puaʻa mele me nā hana "Two Krylov's Fables" a me "Three Fantastic Dances". ʻAʻole i liʻuliʻu ua lawe mai ka hopena i ka maestro me Boris Vladimirovich Asafiev a me Vladimir Vladimirovich Shcherbachev. He ʻāpana lākou o ka Anna Vogt Circle.
He haumāna hoʻohālike ʻo Dmitry. Ua hele ʻo ia i ka conservatory me ka nui o nā pilikia. Ua hele ka ʻāina i nā manawa paʻakikī. Aia ka pololi a me ka ilihune. I kēlā manawa, nui nā haumāna i make no ka luhi. ʻOiai nā pilikia a pau, ua kipa ʻo Shostakovich i nā paia o ka conservatory a hoʻomau i ka hana ikaika i ke mele.
Wahi a Shostakovich memoir:
"Ua mamao koʻu hale mai ka conservatory. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lawe ʻana i ka tram a hiki i laila. Akā, ʻo koʻu kūlana i kēlā manawa, ʻaʻohe oʻu ikaika e kū a kali no ka lawe ʻana. Kakaikahi ka holo ana o ka trams ia manawa. Pono wau e ala i kekahi mau hola ma mua a hele wale i ke kula. Ua ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka makemake e loaʻa i ka hoʻonaʻauao ma mua o ka palaualelo a me ke olakino maikaʻi ʻole… ".
Ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kūlana e kekahi pōʻino - ua make ke poʻo o ka ʻohana. ʻAʻohe koho a Dmitry akā e hana ma ke ʻano he pianist ma ke kiʻiʻoniʻoni Light Tape. ʻO kēia kekahi o nā manawa paʻakikī loa i ke ola o ka maestro. He mea ʻē ka hana iā ia. Eia hou, ua loaʻa iā ia kahi uku liʻiliʻi, a pono ʻo ia e hāʻawi kokoke i kona manawa a pau a me kona ikaika. Akā naʻe,ʻaʻohe koho a Shostakovich, no ka mea, ua laweʻo ia i ke kūlana o ke poʻo o kaʻohana.
ʻO ka hana a ka mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Dmitry Shostakovich
Ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni no hoʻokahi mahina, ua hele ke kanaka ʻōpio i ke alakaʻi no kahi uku i loaʻa pono. Akā, aia kekahi kūlana pōʻino. Ua hoʻomaka ke alakaʻi e hoʻohilahila iā Dmitry no ka makemake e loaʻa kālā. Wahi a ke alakaʻi, ʻo Shostakovich, ma ke ʻano he kanaka hana, ʻaʻole pono e noʻonoʻo e pili ana i ke kālā, ʻo kāna hana ka hana ʻana a ʻaʻole e alualu i nā pahuhopu kumu. Eia naʻe, ua loaʻa i ka maestro ka hapalua o ka uku, ua hoʻopiʻi ʻo ia i ke koena ma o ka ʻaha.
I loko o kēia manawa, ua ʻike mua ʻia ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich i nā pōʻai kokoke. Ua kono ʻia ʻo ia e pāʻani i ke ahiahi no ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā Akim Lvovich. Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻoikaika ʻia kona mana.
I ka makahiki 1923 ua puka 'o ia me ka hanohano mai ka Petrograd Conservatory ma ka piano. A i ka makahiki 1925 - i ka papa o ka haku mele. Ma ke ʻano he hana puka, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka Symphony No. Ua loaʻa iā ia kona kaulana mua.
Dmitri Shostakovich: Ke ala hana
I ka makahiki 1930, ua hōʻike ʻia kekahi haku mele nani a ka maestro. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou no "Lady Macbeth o ka moku Mtsensk." I kēia manawa, loaʻa iā ia ma kahi o ʻelima mau symphonies i kāna repertoire. I ka hopena o nā makahiki 1930, ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka Jazz Suite i ka lehulehu.
ʻAʻole nā kānaka a pau i lawe mahalo i ka hana a ka haku mele ʻōpio. Ua hoʻomaka kekahi mau mea hoʻohewa Soviet e kānalua i ke kālena o Dmitry Dmitrievich. ʻO ka hoʻohewa ʻana i koi iā Shostakovich e noʻonoʻo hou i kāna mau manaʻo i kāna hana. ʻAʻole i hōʻike ʻia ka Symphony No. 4 i ka lehulehu ma ke kahua o kona hoʻopau ʻana. Ua hoʻopaneʻe ka maestro i ka hōʻike ʻana i kahi ʻāpana mele nani i nā makahiki 1960 o ke kenekulia i hala.
Ma hope o ka hoʻopuni ʻana iā Leningrad, ua manaʻo ka mea hoʻokani mele ua nalowale ka hapa nui o kāna mau hana. Ua lawe ʻo ia i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i nā haku mele. Ma hope koke iho, ua loaʻa nā kope o nā ʻāpana o ka Symphony No. 4 no nā mea kani a pau ma ka waihona o nā palapala.
Ua loaʻa i ke kaua ka maestro ma Leningrad. I loko o ia manawa i hana ikaika ai ʻo ia i kekahi o kāna mau hana akua. Ke kamaʻilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka Symphony No. 7. Ua koi ʻia ʻo ia e haʻalele iā Leningrad, a lawe pū ʻo ia me ia i hoʻokahi mea - nā mea i loaʻa i ka symphony. Mahalo i kēia hana, ua lawe ʻo Shostakovich i ka piko o ka Olympus mele. Ua lilo ʻo ia i haku haku mele kaulana. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā mele mele kahiko e ʻike iā Symphony No. 7 e like me "Leningradskaya".
ʻO ka noʻonoʻo ma hope o ke kaua
Ma hope o ka pau ʻana o ke kaua, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich i ka Symphony No. 9. Ua mālama ʻia ka hōʻike ʻana o ka hana ma Nowemapa 3, 1945. I kekahi mau makahiki ma hope o kēia hanana, aia ka maestro i waena o nā mea hoʻokani pila i hāʻule i loko o ka mea i kapa ʻia ʻo "black list". ʻO nā haku mele a ka mea haku mele, e like me ka manaʻo o nā luna, he malihini i ka poʻe Soviet. Ua hoʻonele ʻia ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich i ke poʻo inoa o ka polopeka, i loaʻa iā ia i ka hopena o 1930s o ke kenekulia i hala.
I ka pau ʻana o nā makahiki 1940, ua hōʻike ka maestro i ke mele cantata o nā nahele. Ua hoʻokō ka hana i nā kūlana a pau o ke aupuni Soviet. Ma ka haku mele, ua hīmeni ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich e pili ana i ka USSR nani a me nā mana, mahalo i hiki ai ke hoʻihoʻi i nā hopena o ke kaua. Mahalo i ka haku mele, ua loa'a i ka maestro ka makana Stalin. Eia hou, ua nānā nā luna a me nā mea hoʻohewa iā Shostakovich me nā maka likeʻole. Ua wehe ʻia ʻo ia mai ka papa inoa ʻeleʻele.
I ka makahiki 1950, ua mahalo ka mea haku mele i na hana a Bach a me na hana a ka mea pena Leipzig. A ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e haku i 24 preludes a me fugues no ka piano. Nui nā haku mele i loko o ka papa inoa o nā hana kaulana loa a Shostakovich.
Ma mua koke o kona make ʻana, ua hana ʻo Shostakovich i ʻehā mau symphonies. Eia kekahi, ua kākau ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana leo a me nā quartets string.
Nā kikoʻī o ke ola pilikino
Wahi a nā hoʻomanaʻo o nā poʻe kokoke, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ola pilikino o Shostakovich no ka manawa lōʻihi. ʻO ke aloha mua o ka maestro ʻo Tatyana Glivenko. Ua hālāwai ʻo ia me kahi kaikamahine i ka makahiki 1923.
He aloha i ka ʻike mua ʻana. Ua pānaʻi ke kaikamahine iā Dmitry a manaʻo i kahi noi male. He ʻōpio ʻo Shostakovich. ʻAʻole ʻo ia i ʻaʻa e noi aku iā Tanya. Ua ʻaʻa ʻo ia e hana i kahi hana hoʻoholo i ʻekolu makahiki wale nō ma hope, akā ua lohi. Ua male ʻo Glivenko i kekahi kanaka ʻōpio.
Ua hopohopo nui ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich no ka hōʻole ʻana o Tatyana. Akā ma hope o kekahi manawa ua male ʻo ia. Ua lilo ʻo Nina Vazar i wahine mana. Ua noho pū lāua no 20 makahiki. Ua hānau ka wahine i ke kāne ʻelua keiki. Ua make ʻo Vasar i ka makahiki 1954.
I ke kūlana o ka wahine kāne make, ʻaʻole i ola lōʻihi ʻo Shostakovich. Ma hope koke iho ua male ʻo ia iā Margarita Kainova. He hui keia o ke kuko ikaika a me ke ahi. ʻOiai ka ikaika o ka hoʻokamakama, ʻaʻole hiki i nā kāne ke noho i kēlā me kēia lā. Ua hoʻoholo koke lākou e waiho no ke oki mare.
I nā makahiki 1960 mua o ke kenekulia hope, ua male ʻo ia iā Irina Supinskaya. Ua kūpaʻa ʻo ia i ka haku mele kaulana a ua noho pū me ia a hiki i kona make ʻana.
ʻO nā mea hoihoi e pili ana i ka haku mele ʻo Dmitry Shostakovich
- I loko o kona ola a pau, he pilina paʻakikī ka mea haku mele me nā mana Soviet. Ua hoʻopili ʻia kāna ʻeke hoʻoweliweli i hiki koke mai lākou e hopu iā ia.
- Ua pilikia ʻo ia i nā maʻamau ʻino. A hiki i ka hopena o kona mau lā ua puhi ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich. Eia kekahi, makemake ʻo ia i ka pāʻani a pāʻani mau i ke kālā.
- Ua kauoha ʻo Stalin iā Shostakovich e kākau i ke mele o ka USSR. Akā, i ka hopena, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia i nā mea, a ua koho ʻo ia i ke mele a kekahi mea kākau.
- Ua mahaloʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich i kona mau mākua no kāna kālena. Ua hana ʻo Māmā ma ke ʻano he piano, a ʻo ka makuakāne he mea hīmeni. Ua kākau ʻo Shostakovich i kāna haku mele mua i ka makahiki 9.
- Ua komo ʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich i ka papa inoa o 40 mau mea haku mele mele a puni ka honua. ʻO ka mea e mahalo ai, i kēlā me kēia makahiki, aia nā hana me ka ʻoi aku o 300 mau hana o kāna mau keaka.
Dmitri Shostakovich: ʻO nā makahiki hope o kona ola
I ka waena o 1960s, ua maʻi ka maestro kaulana. Ua ʻohi wale nā kauka Soviet. ʻAʻole hiki iā lākou ke hana i kahi hōʻailona a koi ʻia ʻaʻole hiki ke ʻike ʻia ka maʻi. Ua ʻōlelo ka wahine a Shostakovich, ʻo Irina, ua kuhikuhi ʻia kāna kāne i nā papa o nā huaora, akā hoʻomau ka maʻi i ka holomua.
Ma hope mai, hiki i nā kauka ke wehewehe i ka maʻi o ka haku mele. Ua ʻike ʻia ua loaʻa iā Dmitry Dmitrievich ka maʻi o Charcot. ʻAʻole i mālama ʻia ka maestro e ka Soviet wale nō, akā e nā kauka ʻAmelika pū kekahi. I kekahi manawa ua kipa aku ʻo ia i ke keʻena o ke kauka kaulana ʻo Ilizarov. No kekahi manawa, ua pau ka mai. Akā ʻaʻole i liʻuliʻu ua ʻike ʻia nā hōʻailona, a ua hoʻomaka ka maʻi o Charcot e holomua ʻoi aku ka ikaika.
Ua ho'āʻoʻo Dmitry Dmitrievich e hana i nā hōʻailona a pau o ka maʻi. Lawe ʻo ia i nā lāʻau lapaʻau, hele i ka pāʻani, ʻai pono, akā ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka maʻi. ʻO ke mele wale nō ka mea hōʻoluʻolu no ka haku mele. Ua hele mau ʻo ia i nā ʻaha mele kahi i hoʻokani ʻia ai nā mele kahiko. I kēlā me kēia hanana, hele pū ʻia ʻo ia me kahi wahine aloha.
I ka makahiki 1975, kipa aku ʻo Shostakovich iā Leningrad. E mālama ʻia ana he ʻahamele ma ke kapikala, kahi i hoʻokani ʻia ai kekahi o kāna mau mele. Ua poina ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka haku mele. Ua hopohopo kēia iā Dmitry Dmitrievich. I ka hoʻi ʻana o nā kāne i ka home, ua maʻi koke ʻo Shostakovich. Ua kāhea ka wahine i nā kauka, a ua ʻike lākou he maʻi puʻuwai.
Ua make ʻo ia ma ʻAukake 9, 1975. Hoʻomanaʻo ka wahine i kēia lā e hele ana lāua e nānā i ka pôpeku ma ka TV. He mau hola wale nō i koe ma mua o ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka pāʻani. Ua noi ʻo Dmitry iā Irina e kiʻi i ka leka uila. I ka hoʻi ʻana mai o kāna wahine, ua make ʻo Shostakovich. Ua kanu ʻia ke kino o ka maestro ma ka hale kupapaʻu o Novodevichy.
