He paionia o ka jazz, ʻo Louis Armstrong ka mea hoʻokani koʻikoʻi mua i ʻike ʻia ma ke ʻano. A ma hope mai ua lilo ʻo Louis Armstrong i mea hoʻokani pila loa i ka mōʻaukala o ke mele. ʻO Armstrong kahi mea hoʻokani pu virtuoso. ʻO kāna mele, e hoʻomaka ana me ka 1920s studio recordings i hana me ka Hot Five and Hot Seven ensembles kaulana, i kahakaha i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka jazz i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka naʻau.
No kēia mea, mahalo ʻia ʻo ia e nā mea pā jazz. Akā ua lilo ʻo Armstrong i mea nui i nā mele kaulana. Loaʻa kēia ma muli o kāna mele baritone ʻokoʻa a me kona ʻano hiʻona. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i kāna mau talena ma ke ʻano o nā leo leo a me nā hana ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni.
Ua ola ʻo ia i ka manawa bebop o nā makahiki he 40, ua lilo ʻo ia i mea aloha nui a puni ka honua. Ma ka makahiki 50, ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo Armstrong i kona huakaʻi ʻana ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa. ʻO kēia ke ala i loaʻa ai iā ia ka inoa inoa "Ambassador Sutch". ʻO kona piʻi ʻana i nā makahiki 60 me nā moʻolelo paʻi e like me ka 1965 Grammy-winning "Hello Dolly" a me ka 1968 classic "What a Wonderful World" i hoʻopaʻa i kona hoʻoilina ma ke ʻano he kiʻi mele a moʻomeheu i ka honua mele.
Ma 1972, hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o kona make ʻana, ua loaʻa iā ia ka Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award. Pēlā nō, ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka nui o kāna mau mele koʻikoʻi, e like me 1928's West End Blues a me 1955's Mack the Knife, i loko o ka Grammy Hall of Fame.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka makemake mua no ka mele a Louis Armstrong
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Armstrong i ka makahiki 1901 ma New Orleans, Louisiana. He wā kamaliʻi paʻakikī kona. ʻO William Armstrong, kona makuakāne, he mea hana hale hana i haʻalele i ka ʻohana ma hope koke o ka hānau ʻana o ke keikikāne. Ua hānai ʻia ʻo Armstrong e kona makuahine, ʻo Mary (Albert) Armstrong, a me kona kupunawahine makuahine. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka hoihoi mua i ka mele, a ʻo ka mea kūʻai aku āna i hana ai ma ke ʻano he haumāna kula haʻahaʻa i kōkua iā ia e kūʻai i ka cornet. Ma kēia mea kani, ua aʻo ʻo Louis i ka hoʻokani maikaʻi loa.
Ua haʻalele ʻo Armstrong i ke kula i ka makahiki 11 e komo i kahi hui hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻole, akā ma ka lā 31 o Dekemaba, 1912, ua kī ʻo ia i kahi pū i ka wā hoʻolauleʻa makahiki hou a ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo ia i ke kula hoʻoponopono. Ma laila ʻo ia i aʻo ai i ke mele a hoʻokani i ke korineta a me nā lei aniani i loko o ka hui kula, a ua lilo ʻo ia i alakaʻi.
Ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻo ia ma Iune 16, 1914 a laila ua hana ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka hana kino, e hoʻāʻo ana e hoʻokumu iā ia iho he mea hoʻokani pila. Ua lawe ʻia ʻo ia ma lalo o ka ʻēheu o ka cornetist Joe "King" Oliver, a i ka wā i neʻe ai ʻo Oliver i Chicago i Iune 1918, ua pani ʻo Armstrong iā ia i ka hui Kid Ory. I ka pūnāwai o 1919, ua neʻe ʻo ia i ka hui Fate Marable, e noho pū me Marable a hiki i ka hāʻule o 1921.
Ua neʻe ʻo Armstrong i Chicago e hui pū me ka hui ʻo Oliver i ʻAukake 1922 a hana i kāna mau mele mua ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka hui i ka pūnāwai o 1923. Ma laila ʻo ia i male ai iā Lillian Harden, he mea hoʻokani piano ma ka hui ʻo Oliver, ma Pepeluali 5, 1924. ʻO ia ka lua o kāna mau wāhine ʻehā. Me kāna kōkua, haʻalele ʻo ia iā Oliver a hui pū me ka hui o Fletcher Henderson ma New York, noho ma laila no hoʻokahi makahiki, a laila hoʻi i Chicago i Nowemapa 1925 e hui pū me kāna wahine ʻo Dreamland Syncopators. I loko o kēia manawa, ua hoʻololi ʻo ia mai ke korineta i ka pū.
Louis Armstrong: loaʻa ka kaulana
Ua loaʻa iā Armstrong ka manaʻo o kēlā me kēia kanaka no ka hoʻomaka ʻana ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi ma Nowemapa 12, 1925. Ma lalo o kahi ʻaelike me OKeh Records, ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hana i kahi pūʻulu o ka studio band-wale nō i kapa ʻia ʻo Hot Fives a i ʻole Hot Sevens.
Ua hoʻokani ʻo ia ma ka ʻaha mele me nā mea hoʻokani pila i alakaʻi ʻia e Erskine Tate lāua ʻo Carroll Dickerson. ʻO ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana o Hot Fives o "Muskrat Ramble" i hāʻawi iā Armstrong i kahi paʻi ma ka Top 1926 i Iulai XNUMX. Ua hōʻike pū ʻia ka Hot Fives iā Kid Ory ma ka trombone, ʻo Johnny Dodds ma ka clarinet, ʻo Lillian Harden Armstrong ma ka piano, a me Johnny St. Cyr ma ka banjo.
Ma Pepeluali 1927, ua kaulana ʻo Armstrong e alakaʻi i kāna hui Louis Armstrong & His Stompers ma Chicago's Sunset Cafe. ʻAʻole i hana ʻo Armstrong ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi hui ma ke ʻano maʻamau, akā hāʻawi pinepine i kona inoa i nā hui i hoʻokumu ʻia. I ʻApelila, ua hōʻea ʻo ia i ka piko o nā palapala me kāna leo leo mua "Big Butter and Egg Man", kahi duet me May Alix.
Ua lilo ʻo ia i mea hoʻokani pila ma ka hui ʻo Carroll Dickerson ma ka Savoy Ballroom ma Chicago i Malaki 1928, a ma hope ua lilo ʻo ia i poʻo mua o ka hui. ʻO ka "Hotter Than That" hoʻokahi i paʻi i ka Top 1928 i Mei XNUMX, a ukali ʻia e "West End Blues" i Sepatemaba, a ma hope ua lilo ia i mea hoʻopaʻa leo mua i kū i ka Grammy Hall of Fame.
Ua hoʻi ʻo Armstrong i New York me kāna hui e hele i Connie's Inn ma Harlem i Mei 1929. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia e hoʻokani i ka orchestra o ka Broadway revue Hot Chocolates, a ua kaulana ʻo ia me kāna hana ʻana i ke mele "Ain't Misbehavin". I ka mahina o Kepakemapa, ua komo kāna hoʻopaʻa ʻana i kēia mele i nā palapala kiʻi, a lilo ia i poʻokela he ʻumi.
Louis Armstrong: hele mau a me ka mākaʻikaʻi
I Pepeluali 1930, hoʻokani ʻo Armstrong me ka Louis Russell Orchestra no ka mākaʻikaʻi ʻana i ka Hema, a ma Mei i huakaʻi ai i Los Angeles, kahi i alakaʻi ai i ka hui ma Sebastian's Cotton Club no nā mahina he ʻumi e hiki mai ana.
A laila ua ho'omaka 'o ia i kona ho'omaka 'ana ma ke ki'i "Ex-Flame", i ho'oku'u 'ia ma ka hopena o 1931. I ka hoʻomaka ʻana o 1932, ua neʻe ʻo ia mai ka "racial music" oriented OKeh label i kāna pop-oriented Columbia record label, kahi āna i hoʻopaʻa ai i kekahi mau Top 5 hits: "Chinatown, My Chinatown" a me "You Can Depend on Me", a ukali ʻia e ka paʻi ʻo Malaki "All of Me" i Malaki 1932 a ʻo kekahi "Love, You Funny Thing" i paʻi i nā palapala i kēlā mahina hoʻokahi.
I ka pūnāwai o 1932, ua hoʻi ʻo Armstrong i Chicago e hoʻokani me kahi hui i alakaʻi ʻia e Zilner Randolph; kaʻapuni ka hui a puni ka ʻāina.
I Iulai, hele kaʻapuni ʻo Armstrong i ʻEnelani. Ua hoʻohana ʻo ia i kekahi mau makahiki e hiki mai ana ma ʻEulopa, a ua kākoʻo ʻia kāna ʻoihana ʻAmelika e ke ʻano o ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana i ka waihona, me ka ʻumi kiʻekiʻe o "Sweethearts on Parade" (ʻAukake 1932; i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻo Dekemaba 1930) a me "Body and Soul" (ʻOkakopa 1932; i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma ʻOkakopa 1930).
ʻO kāna mana maikaʻi loa o "Hobo, ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke holo i kēia kaʻaahi" i paʻa i ka piko o nā palapala i ka makahiki 1933. Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka mea hoʻokahi ma Victor Records.
Louis Armstrong: hoʻi i ka USA
I ka hoʻi ʻana o ka mea hoʻokani pila i ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 1935, ua kau inoa ʻo ia me ka Decca Records hou i hoʻokumu ʻia a lanakila koke i ka Top Ten hit: "I'm in the Mood for Love"/"You Are My Lucky Star".
Ua hoʻonohonoho ka luna hou o Armstrong, ʻo Joe Glaser, i hui nona. Ua mālama ʻia ka hana mua ma Indianapolis ma Iulai 1, 1935. I nā makahiki e hiki mai ana, ua mākaʻikaʻi mau ʻo ia.
Ua loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau hana liʻiliʻi ma nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni. E hoʻomaka ana me nā Pennies mai ka lani i Dekemaba 1936. Ua hoʻomau ʻo Armstrong i ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana ma nā studio Decca. ʻO ka hopena he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe loa ʻo “Public Melody Number One” (ʻAukake 1937), “When the Saints Go Marching In” (ʻApelila 1939) a me “You Won’t Be Satisfied (Until You Break My Heart).” (ʻApelila 1946) - duet hope me Ella Fitzgerald. Ua hoʻi ʻo Louis Armstrong i Broadway ma ke mele pōkole ʻo Swingin 'the Dream i Nowemapa 1939.
Nā ʻaelike hou a me nā moʻolelo paʻi
Me ka emi ʻana o nā mele swing i nā makahiki ma hope o ke Kaua Honua II, ua hoʻopau ʻo Armstrong i kāna hui nui a hui pū i kahi hui liʻiliʻi i kapa ʻia ʻo "His All-Stars", i hoʻomaka ma Los Angeles ma ʻAukake 13, 1947. ʻO ka huakaʻi ʻEulopa mua mai 1935 i mālama ʻia i Pepeluali 1948. A laila ua kaapuni mau ka mea mele a puni ka honua.
I Iune 1951, ua paʻa kāna hana i nā moʻolelo he ʻumi kiʻekiʻe - Satchmo ma Symphony Hall (ʻo Satchmo kona inoa i kapa ʻia). No laila ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Armstrong i kāna 10 kiʻekiʻe loa i loko o ʻelima mau makahiki. ʻO ia ka mea hoʻokahi "(When We Are Dancing) I Get Ideas".
Aia ma ka ʻaoʻao B o ka mea hoʻokahi kahi leo o ke mele "A Kiss to Build a Dream On", mele ʻia e Armstrong ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni ʻo The Strip. I ka makahiki 1993, loaʻa iā ia ke kaulana hou i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia ai kāna hana ma ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Sleepless ma Seattle.
ʻO ka hana a Armstrong me nā lepili like ʻole
Ua hoʻopau ʻo Armstrong i kāna ʻaelike me Decca i ka makahiki 1954, a ma hope iho ua hoʻoholo kona luna i ka hoʻoholo ʻokoʻa ʻaʻole e kau inoa i kahi ʻaelike hou, akā e hoʻolimalima iā Armstrong ma ke ʻano he manuahi no nā lepili ʻē aʻe.
Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Satch Plays Fats, he mahalo i ka Fats Waller, ʻo ia ka Top 1955 record i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma Columbia i ʻOkakopa 1956. Ua hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻo Verve Records iā Armstrong i kahi pūʻulu mele me Ella Fitzgerald, e hoʻomaka ana me ka Ella a me Louis LP i ka makahiki XNUMX.
Ua hoʻomau ʻo Armstrong i ka huakaʻi ʻoiai he puʻuwai puʻuwai i Iune 1959. I ka makahiki 1964, ua loa'a 'o ia i ka pu'uwai pu'uwai ma ke kākau 'ana i ke mele mele no ke mele mele 'o Broadway Hello, Dolly!, i hiki i ka helu 'ekahi ma Mei, a ma hope iho ua lilo ke mele i ke gula.
Ua hoʻopaʻa ʻo Armstrong i kahi album me ka inoa like. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi Grammy no ka Best Vocal Performance. Ua hana hou ʻia kēia kūleʻa ma ka honua ʻehā makahiki ma hope. Me ka paʻi "What a Wonderful World". Ua lanakila ʻo Armstrong i ka helu ʻekahi ma UK i ʻApelila 1968. ʻAʻole i loaʻa ka manaʻo nui i ka US a hiki i ka makahiki 1987. Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka mea hoʻokahi i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni Good Morning Vietnam. Ma hope iho ua lilo ia i Top 40 hit.
Ua hoʻolei ʻia ʻo Armstrong i ke kiʻi ʻoniʻoni 1969 Hello, Dolly! Ua hoʻokani ka mea pena i ke poʻo mele ma kahi duet me Barbra Streisand. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ia i ka hoʻokani pinepine ʻana ma ka hopena o nā makahiki 60 a me nā makahiki 70.
Louis Armstrong: ka napoo ʻana o ka hōkū
Ua make ka mea hoʻokani pila i ka maʻi puʻuwai i ka makahiki 1971 i ke 69 o kona mau makahiki. I hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope mai, ua loaʻa iā ia ka makana Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award.
Ma ke ʻano he mea pena kiʻi, ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Armstrong e ʻelua mau ʻano like ʻole o ka poʻe hoʻolohe. ʻO ka mea mua he poʻe jazz i mahalo iā ia no kāna mau hana hou ma ke ʻano he mea kani. Hoʻohilahila ʻia lākou i kekahi manawa no kona makemake ʻole i nā hanana hou i ka jazz. ʻO ka lua, he poʻe pā mele pop. Ua mahalo lākou i kāna mau hana hauʻoli. ʻOi aku ma ke ʻano he leo leo, akā ʻaʻole i ʻike nui i kona koʻikoʻi ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani jazz.
Ma muli o kona kaulana, ʻoihana lōʻihi a me kāna hana hōʻailona nui āna i hana ai i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, hiki ke ʻōlelo ʻia ʻo kāna hana he mea hana ma nā ʻano mele like ʻole.
