Nikolai Leontovich: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

ʻO Nikolai Leontovich, ka haku mele kaulana honua. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻaʻohe mea ʻē aʻe ma ka Ukrainian Bach. Mahalo i ka hana hoʻokani o ka mea hoʻokani pila ma nā kihi mamao loa o ka honua i kēlā me kēia Kalikimaka ke kani nei ke mele "Shchedryk". ʻAʻole wale ʻo Leontovich i haku i nā haku mele nani. Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he alakaʻi hīmeni, kumu, a he kanaka hoʻoikaika nui i ka lehulehu, nona ka manaʻo i mālama pinepine ʻia.

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ʻO ka wā kamaliʻi o ka mea haku mele ʻo Nikolai Leontovich

ʻO ka wahi hānau o Nikolai Leontovich ke kauhale liʻiliʻi o Monastyrok ma waena o Ukraine (Vinnitsa region). Ma laila ʻo ia i hānau ʻia ai i ka hoʻoilo o ka makahiki 1877. He kahuna kauhale kona makuakane. He hoʻonaʻauao mele, ʻo Dmitry Feofanovich Leontovich ka mea i aʻo i kāna keiki e hoʻokani i ke kīkā, cello a me ka violin. ʻO ka makuahine o Leontovich, ʻo Maria Iosifovna, he kanaka hana hoʻi. Ua mahalo ʻia kona leo a puni ke kaiāulu. Hana maikaʻi ʻo ia i nā mele aloha a me nā mele. ʻO nā mele a kona makuahine i hoʻolohe ai mai kona hānau ʻana mai, ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻoholo ai i ka hopena o ka mea haku mele i kēia mua aku.

Ke aʻo

I ka makahiki 1887, ua hoʻouna ʻia ʻo Nikolai i ka hale haʻuki ma ke kūlanakauhale ʻo Nemirov. Akā, ʻoiai ua uku ʻia nā haʻawina, hoʻokahi makahiki ma hope o nā mākua e lawe i kā lāua keiki mai ke kula hoʻonaʻauao ma muli o ka male ʻana o ke kālā. Ua hoʻonoho kona makuakāne iā ia i ke kula hale pule haʻahaʻa. Maanei ua kākoʻo piha ʻia ʻo Nikolai. Ua komo loa ke kanaka ʻōpio i ke aʻo ʻana i ka notation mele. ʻAʻole makemake nui nā hoaaloha a me nā leʻaleʻa i ka haku mele e hiki mai ana. No kekahi mau mahina i hala, ua kāhāhā ʻo ia i kāna mau kumu, me ka heluhelu maʻalahi i nā ʻāpana mele mele paʻakikī loa.

Ma hope o kona puka 'ana mai ke kula hale pule i ka makahiki 1892, ua ho'ouna 'o Leontovich i nā palapala no ke komo 'ana i ka seminary theological o ke kūlanakauhale o Kamenets-Podolsky. Ma ʻaneʻi ʻo ia i aʻo pono ai i ka piano a me nā kumu kumu o ka hīmeni ʻana. A i nā papa hope loa, ua kākau ʻo Nikolai Leontovich i nā hoʻonohonoho no nā mele mele Ukrainian. No ka laʻana, ua lawe ʻo ia i ka hana a kāna kiʻi ʻo Nikolai Lysenko.

Nikolai Leontovich: Kawaihae o ka haku mele
Nikolai Leontovich: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

Nikolai Leontovich: ka hana mua i ka hana

Ua puka 'o Nikolai Leontovich mai ka seminary i ka makahiki 1899. A laila ua hana 'o ia ma nā kula kua'āina. Ua ʻike mua ʻo ia i ka paʻakikī o nā ʻohana ʻilihune ke hoʻonaʻauao i kā lākou mau keiki. No laila, ua hana ʻo ia i nā mea a pau i hiki i nā keiki kuaʻāina ke aʻo. Ma waho aʻe o ke aʻo ʻana, ua hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻo Leontovich i kāna hoʻonaʻauao mele.

Ua hana lākou i ka symphony orchestra. Ua hoʻokani nā lālā o ka hui i nā mele e nā mea haku mele Lūkini a me Ukrainian. ʻO ka hana ma ka orchestra i hoʻoikaika i ka haku mele ʻōpio a me ke alakaʻi e hana i ka hōʻiliʻili mua o nā mele "Mai Podolia" (1901). He lanakila nui ka hana. No laila, ma hope o 2 mau makahiki, i ka makahiki 1903, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka lua o nā mele, i hoʻolaʻa ʻia no Nikolai Lysenko.

ʻO ka neʻe ʻana o Leontovich iā Donbas

I ka makahiki 1904, ua ho'oholo ka haku mele e ne'e i Eastern Ukraine. Ma laila ʻo ia e ʻike ai i ke kipi o 1905. I ka wā o nā kipi, ʻaʻole kū ʻo Leontovich. Hōʻiliʻili ʻo ia i nā ʻano pilikino a puni iā ​​​​ia, hoʻonohonoho i kahi papa mele o nā limahana nona ka hana e hīmeni i ka wā o nā hui. ʻO ia mau hana a ka mea haku mele i hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o nā mana a, i ʻole e hele i ka hale paʻahao, ua hoʻi ʻo Leontovich i kona ʻāina hānau. Hoʻomaka e aʻo mele ma ke kula diocesan. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia e hoʻōki i ka ulu ʻana ma ke ʻano he haku mele.

Heleʻo ia i ka mea kaulana kaulana i kēlā manawaʻo Boleslav Yavorsky. Ma hope o ka hoʻolohe ʻana i ka hana a Leontovich, ʻo ka luminary o ke mele e lawe iā Nikolai e aʻo. Hele pinepine ʻo Nikolai i Kyiv a me Moscow e ʻike i kāna kumu. Aia ma Kyiv i ka makahiki 1916 ua kōkua ʻo Yavorsky iā Leontovich e hoʻonohonoho i kahi ʻaha mele nui, kahi i hana mua ai ʻo "Shchedryk" i ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o ka haku mele ʻōpio. Ua hana pūʻia kekahi mau hana'ē aʻe, e like me "Pivni sing", "He kaikamahine hoʻokahi ka makuahine", "Dudaryk", "Ua ala ka hōkū", a pēlā aku. Ua mahalo nui ka lehulehu o Kiev i nā hana a Leontovich. Ua hoʻoikaika kēia i ka haku mele e haku i nā mele.

Nikolai Leontovich: Kawaihae o ka haku mele
Nikolai Leontovich: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

Nikolai Leontovich: ola ma Kiev

I ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka mana o ka Repubalika o Ukrainian, ua hiki iā Leontovich ke hele i ke kapikala o Ukraine. Ma Kyiv, ua kono'ia'o ia e hana ma ke'ano he alaka'i, a e a'o aku ma ka Nikolai Lysenko Music and Drama Institute. I ka manawa like, hana ka mea ho'okani pila ma ka conservatory, kahi e ho'onohonoho ai i nā pō'ai i hiki i nā mea a pau ke a'o. I kēia manawa, haku ikaika ʻo ia i nā hana mele. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kekahi o lākou i loko o ka repertoire o ka poʻe a me nā hui amateur. 

I ka makahiki 1919, ua pio ʻo Kyiv e nā pūʻali koa Denikin. ʻOiai ua manaʻo ʻo Leontovich iā ia iho he kanaka naʻauao Ukrainian, pono ʻo ia e haʻalele i ke kapikala i mea e pale aku ai i ka hoʻopaʻi. Hoʻi ʻo ia i ka ʻāina ʻo Vinnitsa. Ma laila ʻoe i loaʻa ai ke kula mele mua ma ke kūlanakauhale. E like me ke aʻo ʻana, kākau ʻo ia i nā mele. Mai lalo o kāna peni i ka makahiki 1920 e hele mai ana ka opera folk-fiction "On the Mermaid Easter". 

Ka mea pohihihi o ka pepehi kanaka ana o Nikolai Leontovich

Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā kaukani o nā puke i ka make ʻana o kahi haku mele akamai. I ka lā 23 o Ianuali, 1921, ua pana ʻia ʻo Nikolai Leontovich ma ka hale o kona mau mākua ma ke kauhale o Markovka, ka ʻāina ʻo Vinnitsa. Ua pepehi ʻia ʻo ia e kekahi ʻelele o ka Cheka ma nā ʻōlelo a nā luna. ʻO ka mea hoʻokani mele kaulana a me ka mea nui o ka lehulehu, nāna i hāpai i ka moʻomeheu Ukrainian a hōʻiliʻili i nā poʻe akamai e pili ana i kāna hana, ʻaʻole kūʻē i ka Bolsheviks. Ma hope wale nō o ka haʻi ʻana o ke kūʻokoʻa o Ukraine i nā makahiki 90 o ke kenekulia i hala, ua hoʻomaka hou ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana i ka pepehi kanaka. Nui nā ʻike a me nā ʻike hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā o ke aupuni komunista e pili ana i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o ka pepehi kanaka.

Ka hoʻoilina a ka haku mele

He haku ʻo Nikolai Leontovich i nā mele liʻiliʻi. Hoʻokani ʻia nā mele i kāna hoʻonohonoho ʻana ʻaʻole wale ma Ukraine. Hīmeni ʻia lākou e ka diaspora Ukrainian a puni ka honua. Ua hoʻololi maoli ka mea haku mele i ka ʻuhane o kēlā me kēia mele, hāʻawi iā ia i kani hou - ua ola, hanu, hoʻomālamalama i ke kai o ka ikehu. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka timbre i kāna hoʻonohonoho ʻana kekahi hiʻohiʻona o ka haku mele. Ua hiki i ka papa himeni ke hōʻike i ka lokahi a me ka polyphony o ke mele i ka wā e hoʻokani ai ke mele.

ʻO ke kumuhana, ʻoi aku ia ma mua o nā ʻano like ʻole - ka hoʻomana, ka hale pule, ka mōʻaukala, kēlā me kēia lā, ʻakaʻaka, hula, pāʻani, a pēlā aku. Hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma nā hana "Hāpai lākou i ka Cossack", "E lele ana ka hau mai hope o ka mauna" a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui.

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