ʻO ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni aupuni Ukrainian pili i ka inoa ʻo Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko. ʻO 6 mau makahiki pōkole wale nō ʻo Oksana Petrusenko i hoʻohana ma ke kahua opera Kyiv. Akā, i loko o nā makahiki, piha i ka ʻimi noʻonoʻo a me ka hana hoʻoulu ʻia, ua lanakila ʻo ia i kahi hanohano ma waena o nā haku o ka hana opera Ukrainian e like me: M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut, S. M. Gaidai, M. I. Donets, I. S. Patorzhinsky , Yu. S. Kiporenko-Damansky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I loko o kēia manawa, ua kaulana loa ka inoa ʻo Oksana Petrusenko ʻaʻole wale ma Ukraine, akā ma nā ʻāina ʻē, kahi āna i hana ai i nā hana hoʻokani a i nā ʻahamele. ʻO ka mea huna o kona kūleʻa aia i loko o ka spontaneity a me ka ʻoiaʻiʻo o kāna hana, i ka manaʻo ola i hiki iā Oksana Andreevna ke haʻi aku i ka nani o kahi mele mele, ka hohonu o nā manaʻo o nā heroines opera. Ua loaʻa iā Oksana Petrusenko ke kālena e hoʻāla i ka hauʻoli hanohano i ka lehulehu, e hoʻomehana i nā naʻau o nā kānaka.
ʻO ke kamaliʻi a me ka'ōpio o ka mea hoʻokaniʻo Oksana Petrusenko
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo Ksenia Borodavkina i ka lā 18 Pepeluali, 1900 ma Balaklava (kokoke iā Sevastopol). ʻO kona makuakāne, ʻo Andrei Borodavka, no Malaya Balakliya, ka ʻāina ʻo Kharkov. Ua hōʻea ʻo ia i Sevastopol mahalo i kāna lawelawe ʻana ma ke ʻano he luina ma ka Black Sea Fleet, kahi i kākau hou ʻia ai kona inoa hope iā Wartkin. ʻO ka makuahine o Xenia, ʻo Maria Kuleshova, no ka moku ʻo Oryol.
Mai kona makuakāne mai, nona ka leo nani, ua loaʻa iā Ksenia ke talena o kahi mele. ʻOiai ʻaʻole ʻike ke kaikamahine i kona makuakāne. I ka pūnāwai o ka makahiki 1901, make ʻo ia i ka maʻi maʻi maʻi. Ua mare hou ka makuahine, akā ua inu nui ke kāne hou. Mai ka makahiki 14, hana ʻo Ksenia i kēlā me kēia lā ma ke awa o Sevastopol, mele i loko o ka hale mele a me nā ʻaha mele amateur. I ka makahiki 18, ua holo ʻo ia mai ka home me ka hui mele a me ke keaka a Stepan Glazunenko. Pela i hoomaka ai kona ola kaapuni.
Iʻelua mahina ma hope mai, i loko o kaʻaʻahu o ke koa a me nā kāmaʻa koa nui, uaʻikeʻiaʻo Ksenia i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Kherson, i alakaʻiʻia e Ivan Sagatovsky. Ua ʻae ʻo ia i ke kaikamahine i loko o ka hui. ʻO kāna wahine (Ekaterina Luchitskaya) i hoʻomaka e aʻo i ka mea hana ʻōpio i ke kumu o ka hana ma ke kahua. ʻAʻohe ona hoʻonaʻauao kūikawā, ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā ʻāpana mai ka opera Zaporozhets ma waho o ka Danube (S. Gulak-Artemovsky) a me Natalka Poltavka (N. Lysenko) ma ka pepeiao. Ua hana ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻokani solo i nā mele ʻōiwi. Ua haku ʻo ia i ka ʻāpana paʻakikī o Tamara i ka hana hope loa o ka opera The Demon (na A. Rubinstein).
Ka hoʻomaka o ke ala hana
Ke haʻalele nei iā Sevastopol me kekahi o nā hui Ukrainian mobile, ʻo Oksana Andreevna i ka hāʻule o 1918 i hui pū me ka hui o ka State Ukrainian Drama Theatre, i alakaʻi ʻia e I. L. Saratovsky. He kahua koʻikoʻi ia i ke ola hana o ka mea pena.
I loko o ka hale keaka, loaʻa iā ia nā hoaaloha maoli a me nā kumu aʻoaʻo, aʻo i nā kumu paʻa paʻa o ka stagecraft. Ma ʻaneʻi i hoʻomohala ʻia ai kona akamai i ke mele a me ka leo. Ua noʻonoʻo ʻo I. L. Saratovsky a me ke poʻo o ke kupapaʻu ʻo K. L. Luzhitskaya Oksana i nā kumu a mālama i ka pilina me lākou. P. P. Boychenko (keaka alakaʻi) systematically aʻo i nā ʻāpana me Petrusenko.
Ua hoʻokomo ʻo ia i kāna haumāna akamai, a ma hope o kekahi manawa ua lilo ʻo ia i wahine nāna. Akā ʻaʻole i lōʻihi ka male ʻana ma muli o ka hakakā pinepine ʻana a me nā kuʻikahi e pili ana i ka noʻonoʻo. I ka makahiki 1920, hele 'o Oksana Andreevna, ma ke 'ano o ka hui o I. L. Saratovsky, me na 'aha mele i ka Perekop Front.
I ka makahiki 1922, ua hana hou 'o ia ma kahi hui i mālama 'ia e I. L. Saratovsky. Ua emi koke ka hoihoi ma waena o ka poʻe hoʻolohe. Ua manaʻo ʻo Oksana Andreevna i ka pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou i kāna mau leo leo. Ua moeʻuhane ʻo ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻōnaehana, no laila ua hele ʻo ia i Kyiv. A i ka makahiki 1924 ua lilo 'o ia i haumana no ke kumu leo o ka State Music and Drama Institute. N. Lysenko.
Kaapuni
Ma hope mai, ua kono 'ia 'o Oksana Petrusenko i ka hale keaka "Sower". Eia naʻe, i ka makahiki 1926, ua hoʻi hou ʻo ia i kāna hale keaka maoli, i alakaʻi ʻia e I. L. Saratovsky. Maʻaneʻi ua hui pinepineʻo ia me ka coryphaeus o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Ukrainian P. K. Saksagansky, i hele mai maʻaneʻi i ka huakaʻi. Ua nānā ka mea pena kiʻi me ka hoihoi i ka hana a ka ʻōpio Oksana, aʻo iā ia, a hōʻike i nā mea huna o ke akamai o ka ʻoihana maoli.
I ka makahiki 1926-1927. ʻO ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni o I. L. Saratovsky i huakaʻi i nā kūlanakauhale nui ma Volga - Saratov, Samara, Kazan, a me nā mea'ē aʻe. No ia, he hōʻailona hou kēia o nā mana hana. Ma Saratov, ua loaʻa iā Oksana Andreevna nā hālāwai hoihoi me nā kiʻi ʻoihana o ka hale opera. ʻO kekahi o lākou ka mea hoʻokele kaulana ʻo Ya. A. Posen, ʻo ka lua ka opera tenor M. E. Medvedev. ʻO Medvedev lāua ʻo Posen he poʻe lohi me ka hoʻomaikaʻi a hiki ʻole ke hāʻawi i nā hoʻomaikaʻi. Akā, i ka ho'olohe 'ana iā Oksana Andreevna i kekahi mau hana, 'a'ole i ho'opa'a nā mea pena i ko lākou mau mana'o a ho'omaika'i aku i kāna talena. Ua aʻo lākou iā Petrusenko e hele i ke kahua opera, kahi e hōʻike ai i ka waiwai o ka leo opera.
ʻO Oksana Petrusenko: ʻO kaʻoihana Opera
I ka huakaʻi o ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Kazan, ua ʻae ʻo Oksana Petrusenko i ka hāʻawi ʻana o ke alakaʻi o ka Kazan Opera Theatre e hīmeni i ka ʻāpana o Oksana i ka opera Cherevichki (P. Tchaikovsky). Ma hope o ka holomua holomua, ua komo ʻo ia i ka hale keaka.
Mai ia manawa i hoʻomaka ai ka manawa "opera" o ka hana keaka a Petrusenko. Ua hoʻopau ʻia me kona hoʻi ʻana i ke kahua ʻo Ukrainian ma ke ʻano he haku opera i ʻike mua ʻia. ʻO ka ʻike o Oksana Andreevna me ka mea pena V. D. Moskalenko no ka wā Kazan, āna i mare koke ai. I ka wā mua, ua kōkua nui ʻo V. D. Moskalenko i ka mea mele i kāna mau haʻawina leo.
Mai ka makahiki 1927 a hiki i ka makahiki 1929 Ua hīmeni ʻo Oksana Andreevna i nā ʻāpana opera like ʻole ma ke kahua Kazan. Aia ma waena o lākou nā ʻāpana o Aida mai ka opera Aida (D. Verdi). E like me Lisa a me Tatyana mai ka opera The Queen of Spades and Eugene Onegin (P. Tchaikovsky), etc. Mai 1929-1931. ka mea pena i hana ma ke kahua o ka Sverdlovsk Opera.
I ka makahiki 1931, ne'e ka mea pena i Samara, kahi i hana ai ma ka hale opera a hiki i ka makahiki 1934. ʻO ka repertoire a ka mea mele i loaʻa i kahi helu nui o nā hana mai nā opera kahiko a me Lūkini. Ua lilo ka mea pena kiʻi o ka Ukrainian Drama Theatre i mea mele ʻoihana. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o Oksana Andreevna i ke kahua opera Ukrainian he kūlohelohe a kūpono.
I ka makahiki 1934, ua hoʻoili ʻia ke kapikala o Ukraine mai Kharkov a i Kyiv. A ua huki ʻia nā pūʻali koa maikaʻi loa o Ukraine i ka hale opera, ua kono pū ʻia ʻo Oksana Petrusenko ma aneʻi. ʻO kāna hana mua ma ka opera Aida (D. Verdi) i hoʻoholo koke i ka wahi nui o ka mea mele hou i ka hui keaka.
ʻO ka ʻike a me ka holomua
Ma ka lā 12 o Mei, 1935, ua hoʻolauleʻa ʻia ka makahiki 75 o kona hānau ʻana ma kahi lewa hauʻoli ma ka Hale Opera ʻo Kiev. A me ka 50th anniversary o ka hana hana a P.K. Saksagansky. He ʻano hiʻohiʻona ko kēia lā hoʻomanaʻo. Me he mea lā e hāʻawi ana ka mea pena kiʻi kaulana i ka pahu hana i ka hale keaka ʻōpio ʻo Ukrainian. Ua hōʻike ʻia nā hana mua a me ke kolu o ka opera Natalka Poltavka i ke ahiahi hoʻomanaʻo.
Ua hoʻokani ʻia ke kuleana o Vozny e P. K. Saksagansky a me A. M. Buchma, ua hoʻokani ʻia ke kuleana o Natasha e M. I. Litvinenko-Wolgemut a me O. A. Petrusenko, ua hoʻokani ʻia ke kuleana o Vyborny e M. I. Donets a me I. S. Patorzhinsky. Mai ia manawa mai, ua ʻālohilohi ka inoa ʻo Oksana Andreevna Petrusenko ma ka ʻaoʻao o nā inoa o nā haku kaulana o ke kiʻi opera Ukrainian.
Ma lalo o 10 mau makahiki i hala ma hope o ka hoʻokumu ʻia ʻana o ka Kyiv Opera House, i ka lā Malaki 1936 i hōʻike ai ka hui ʻōpio i nā hoʻokō o ka hana o Soviet Ukraine i ka makahiki mua ma Moscow. Ua hōʻike ka poʻe Kievans iʻekolu mau hana ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre: "The Cossack beyond the Danube" (S. Gulak-Artemovsky), "Natalka Poltavka" (N. Lysenko) a me "The Snow Maiden" (N. Rimsky-Korsakov) . ʻO ka mea hoʻokani opera e hana i nā'ahameleʻekolu - ma nā māhele o Daria, Natalia a me Kupava, heʻano likeʻole. Ua hā'awi 'ia ka manawa kūpono i ka mea pena e hō'ike i kāna kālena keaka waiwai a me kona mana leo.
ʻO ke kaulana o ka mea pena
ʻO nā hana a ka mea mele i nā hana he ʻumi lā i hoʻohuli i ka manaʻo o ke kaiāulu mele iā ia. Ua lilo ʻo ia i malihini hoʻokipa ma nā keʻena ʻaha mele o Leningrad, Moscow a me nā kūlanakauhale ʻē aʻe. Ua hāʻawi ke alakaʻi o ka Bolshoi Theatre iā Oksana Andreevna e hele i ke kahua o Moscow. Akā, ma hope o kekahi kānalua, ua hoʻoholo ʻo ia e haʻalele i ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ʻo Kiev, kahi āna i manaʻo ai e pili ana.
I nā makahiki hope loa o kona ola, ua ikaika ka mea hana keaka kaulana. Ua hoʻomākaukau ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana hou, ʻo ia hoʻi: ʻO Lea ma ka opera Shchors (B. Lyatoshinsky), Lushka i ka opera Virgin Soil Upturned (I. Dzerzhinsky) a me Natalia i ka opera Into the Storm (T. Khrennikova). Hāʻawi ka mea pena i nā ʻahamele ma Donbass, ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni kelepona ma nā kūlanakauhale o Ukraine. Ua kōkua ka mea mele me kahi predilection kūikawā i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā hana hoʻokani a nā keiki a me nā hana hoʻokani o ka pūʻali Soviet.
Hoʻopaʻa mau ʻo ia me nā haku haku kaulana, hoʻokani ʻoluʻolu i kā lākou mau mele. He malihini maʻamau ka mea pena i ka hui o nā mea kākau. I loko o kahi huakaʻi hoʻolaha i Western Ukraine i ka makahiki 1939, hīmeni ʻo Oksana i ka mele "My Ukraine, Ukraine" (mele - D. Pokrass, lyrics - V. Lebedev-Kumach). Ua kaulana loa ka haku mele, koi nā kānaka i kāna hana ma kēlā me kēia ʻaha mele. Ua hīmeni ʻo Oksana Andreevna me ka hui ʻole ʻia ma ka hālāwai hope o ka People's Assembly ma Lvov. Ma laila ua hoʻoholo ʻia e hui hou i Western Ukraine me ka Ukrainian SSR.
Ka make ana o ka mea mele
ʻO nā'ahamele hope loa o ka opera diva i hanaʻia ma Lvov, kahi i ka mahinaʻo Iune 1940 i kapaʻia ka Theatre of Opera a me Ballet. T. G. Shevchenko o ke kulanakauhale o Kyiv.
Ma Iulai 15, 1940, ua pau koke ke ola o Oksana Petrusenko. Ua lilo ka lua o ka hapai o ka mea mele i mea make nona. Ma Iulai 8, 1940, ma Kyiv, ua hānau ʻo ia i kahi keikikāne, ʻo Alexander, a make koke i hoʻokahi pule ma hope. ʻO ka mana kūhelu he koko koko i ʻoki koke ʻia. Ua lohe ʻia ʻo ke kumu o ka make ʻana he lāʻau make. ʻO ka wahine a Marshal Timoshenko, ka mea i lilo i mea hoihoi i ka mea mele a makemake e lawe iā ia i Moscow, ua uku ʻo ia i ke kahu hānai, me ka hopohopo e haʻalele kāna kāne iā ia.
Oksana Petrusenko: Nā mea hoihoi
I ka wā i haʻi ʻia ai kona mau hoa a me kona poʻe kiaʻi he ʻenemi o ka poʻe, ua ʻōlelo ka luna o ka hale keaka ʻo Yanovsky, i ka wā o ka nīnau ʻana, e hele ana ʻo Oksana Petrusenko i Italia. A ʻaʻole paha ma ka huakaʻi wale nō. Ua hewa kēia hoʻopiʻi ʻana. Ua hoʻoholo ʻo Oksana ʻaʻole e kali i kona lā make. Lawe ʻo ia i ke kaula a hana i ka loop. Ua loaʻa ʻo Alla iā ia me kahi kaula ma kona ʻāʻī. Begichev. I ka pō hoʻokahi, hele malū nā wahine ʻelua i Moscow. Aia kekahi mana i pale aku ai ʻo Voroshilov i kāna mea mele aloha. Ua hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻo ia ma ka hana.
ʻOiai ka lili o nā hoaaloha me ka hoʻonaʻauao, ʻaʻohe noho i loko o ke keʻena i nā hana me ke komo ʻana o Petrusenko. He hoaaloha ka opera diva me Pavel Tychina, Maxim Rylsky, Vladimir Sosiura. Hana ʻia i kākoʻo ʻia e ka mea pena kiʻi ʻike ʻole ʻia ʻo Ekaterina Bilokur. Ua loaʻa iā ia kahi kāleka mai Stalin. 'A'ole 'o ia i 'ae i ke kono e ne'e i Moscou a lilo i soloist o ka Bolshoi Theatre.
ʻAʻole maʻalahi ka manawa Ukrainian o ke ala hoʻomohala paʻakikī o Oksana Petrusenko - ka hanohano aupuni me ka pōʻino nui. I kēlā manawa, ua kauoha ʻo Marshal Semyon Timoshenko i kahi moku kaua kūikawā ma Kyiv. ʻAʻole paha he kanaka keaka maoli ʻo ia. I ka wā o Stalin, aia kahi kuʻuna ma ka pāʻina elite - e koho i nā haku wahine ma waena o nā mele a me nā mea hana keaka. A laila noho mau ʻo Marshal Timoshenko ma hope o Oksana Petrusenko. He mau pua rosa ʻulaʻula, he nānā aloha mau mai ka lehulehu. ʻAʻohe ʻike ua ʻae ka mea pena kiʻi i ka hoʻokipa ʻana o kahi luna koa.
'Oiai kona talena a me kona inoa nui, ua noho 'o Oksana Petrusenko i wahine ma'alahi a 'oia'i'o. Ua hōʻike ʻo ia i ka honua i ke kālena o Ekaterina Bilokur. ʻO ka mea pena mua, ua lohe i kahi mele mele i hana ʻia e Oksana Petrusenko ma ka lekiō, ua kākau iā ia i kahi leka e noi ana i ke kōkua, me ka nui o kāna mau kiʻi. Hāʻawi ʻo Oksana i kēia leka i nā loea o ka Central House of Folk Art. A ua hele mai kahi komisina iā Ekaterina Bilokur, a ma hope o kekahi manawa ua aloha ʻo Paris i kāna mau kiʻi pena.
Hemana
Ma Iulai 17, 1940, ua holo ka huakaʻi hoʻolewa no kekahi mau kilomita. Ua kanu ʻia ʻo Oksana Petrusenko ma ka hale kupapaʻu ʻo Baykove ma Kyiv, kokoke i ka hale pule. I ka wā i lawe ʻia ai ʻo ia i waho o ka hale opera i ka lā o ka ʻaha hoʻolewa, ua hālāwai ʻo Kyiv me ia me ka leo nui, e like me kona wā e ola ana. Ua hahai ka lehulehu o ka nui ʻole i ka poʻe primadona i ka hale kupapaʻu ʻo Baikove ma kahi nalu nui. Ua hāmau ka "Ukrainian Nightingale", a ua hoʻomau nā kamaʻilio a me nā hoʻopaʻapaʻa. I ka makahiki 2010, ma ke alo o ka Sevastopol Academic Russian Drama Theatre. Lunacharsky, ua wehe ʻia kahi pā hoʻomanaʻo. I loko o ʻelua mahina ua uhaʻi ʻia e nā mea ʻaihue.
