ʻO ka makahiki 2017 i hōʻailona ʻia e kahi makahiki nui no ka hana opera honua - ua hānau ʻia ka mea mele Ukrainian kaulana ʻo Solomiya Krushelnytska i 145 mau makahiki i hala. He leo velvety poina ʻole, kahi ākea o ʻekolu octaves, kahi kiʻekiʻe o nā ʻano ʻoihana o kahi mea hoʻokani pila, kahi hiʻohiʻona nani. ʻO kēia mau mea a pau i lilo ai ʻo Solomiya Krushelnitskaya i mea kūʻokoʻa i ka moʻomeheu opera i ka manawa o nā kenekulia XNUMX a me XNUMX.
Ua mahalo ʻia kāna talena koʻikoʻi e nā mea hoʻolohe ma Italia a me Kelemānia, Polani a me Rūsia, Farani a me ʻAmelika. ʻO nā hōkū Opera e like me Enrico Caruso, Mattia Battistini, Tito Ruffa i hīmeni ma ke kahua hoʻokahi me ia. ʻO nā alakaʻi kaulana ʻo Toscanini, Cleofonte Campanini, Leopoldo Mugnone i kono iā ia e hui pū.
Mahalo iā Solomiya Krushelnytska e hoʻokani mau ʻia ana ʻo Butterfly (Giacomo Puccini) ma nā kahua opera honua i kēia mau lā. ʻO ka hana o nā māhele nui o ka mea mele i lilo i mea koʻikoʻi no nā haku mele ʻē aʻe. Ua kaulana nā hana hoʻomaka ma ka pāʻani "Salome", nā keaka "Lorelei" a me "Valli". Ua hoʻokomo ʻia lākou i loko o ka repertoire operatic mau loa.
ʻO ka wā kamaliʻi a me ka ʻōpio o ka mea pena
Ua hānau ʻia ʻo ia ma ka lā 23 o Kepakemapa, 1872 ma ka ʻāina ʻo Ternopil i loko o kahi ʻohana mele nui o kahi kahuna pule. I ka ʻike ʻana i nā mana like ʻole o ka leo o kāna kaikamahine, ua hāʻawi kona makuakāne iā ia i ka hoʻonaʻauao mele kūpono. Ua hīmeni ʻo ia i kāna papa mele, a alakaʻi ʻia no kekahi manawa.
Ua kākoʻoʻo ia iā ia i kona makemakeʻole e mare i kahi kāne alohaʻole a hāʻawi i kona ola i kaʻoihana. Ma muli o ka hōʻole ʻana o ke kaikamahine e mare i ke kahuna e hiki mai ana, ua ʻike ʻia ka nui o ka pilikia ma ka ʻohana. ʻAʻole i hoʻokipa hou ʻia kāna mau kaikamāhine ʻē aʻe. Akā ʻo ka makuakāne, ʻaʻole like me ka makuahine o Solomiya, aia mau ma ka ʻaoʻao o kāna punahele.
Hāʻawi nā papa ma ka conservatory me Professor Valery Vysotsky no ʻekolu mau makahiki i nā hopena maikaʻi loa. Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Solomiya i kāna hoʻomaka ma ke kahua o ka Lviv Opera Theatre ma ke ʻano he mezzo-soprano ma ka opera The Favorite (Gaetano Donizetti).
Mahalo i kona kamaʻāina me ka hōkū Italia ʻo Gemma Belliconi, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Solomiya e aʻo ma Italia. ʻO ke ʻano o kona leo ʻaʻole ia he mezzo, akā he soprano lyric-dramatic (ua hōʻoia ʻia e ke kumu kaulana ʻo Milanese bel canto ʻo Fausta Crespi). No laila, ua pili mua ka hopena o Solomiya me Italia. ʻO ka inoa ʻo Solomiya mai ka ʻItalia ʻo "naʻu wale nō." He pilikia koʻikoʻi kona - pono e "hana hou" i kona leo mai ka mezzo a i ka soprano. Pono e hoʻomaka nā mea a pau mai ka ʻōpala.
I loko o kāna mau memo, ua kākau ʻo Elena (ke kaikuahine ʻo Krushelnitskaya) e pili ana i ke ʻano o Solomiya: "I kēlā me kēia lā ua aʻo ʻo ia i ke mele a me ke mele no ʻelima a ʻeono paha mau hola, a laila hele ʻo ia i nā haʻiʻōlelo no ka hana ʻana, hoʻi mai ʻo ia i ka home me ka luhi. Akā ʻaʻole ʻo ia i ʻōhumu maoli no kekahi mea. Ua noʻonoʻo wau i ʻoi aku ma mua o hoʻokahi manawa i loaʻa iā ia ka ikaika a me ka ikaika. Ua makemake nui ko'u kaikuahine i ke mele a me ka himeni me he mea la aohe ola nona.
ʻO Solomiya, ma kona ʻano, he manaʻo maikaʻi loa ia, akā no kekahi kumu ua manaʻo mau ʻo ia i kekahi ʻano hauʻoli iā ia iho. No kēlā me kēia kuleana, hoʻomākaukau ʻo ia me ke akahele loa. No ke aʻo ʻana i ka ʻāpana, pono ʻo Solomiya e nānā wale i nā memo āna i heluhelu ai mai kahi pepa, ʻoiai e heluhelu ana kekahi i kahi kikokikona i paʻi ʻia. Ua aʻo au i ka pāʻani ma ka puʻuwai i ʻelua a ʻekolu mau lā. Akā ʻo ka hoʻomaka wale nō ia o ka hana. "
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kahi ʻoihana hana
Mai ka pilina me Mikhail Pavlik, ua ʻike ʻia ua aʻo pū ʻo Solomiya i ka haku mele, ua hoʻāʻo ʻo ia e kākau mele iā ia iho. Akā, haʻalele ʻo ia i kēia ʻano noʻonoʻo, hāʻawi iā ia iho i ka hīmeni wale nō.
I ka makahiki 1894, ua kakau inoa ka mea mele i ka aelike me ka hale opera. Me ka tenor kaulana ʻo Alexander Mishuga, ua hīmeni ʻo ia i ka operas Faust, Il trovatore, Un ballo in maschera, Pebble. ʻAʻole kūpono nā ʻāpana opera i kona leo. Aia nā ʻāpana coloratura ma nā ʻāpana o Margarita a me Eleonora.
ʻOiai nā mea a pau, ua hoʻokele ka mea mele. Eia naʻe, ua hoʻopiʻi ka poʻe hoʻohewa Polani iā Krushelnytska no ka hīmeni ʻana ma ke ʻano ʻōlelo Italia. A poina ʻo ia i kāna mea i aʻo ʻia ma ka conservatory, e pili ana i kāna mau hemahema i loaʻa ʻole iā ia. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole hiki ke hana me ka ʻole o ka "hōʻino" ʻo Professor Vysotsky a me kāna mau haumāna. No laila, ma hope o ka hana ʻana i ka opera, ua hoʻi hou ʻo Solomiya i Italia e aʻo ai.
"I koʻu hōʻea ʻana, kahi mau makahiki ma mua o Lvov ... ʻaʻole e ʻike ka lehulehu ma laila iaʻu ... e hoʻomanawanui wau a hiki i ka hopena a hoʻāʻo e hōʻoia i kā mākou poʻe pessimists a pau e hiki nō i ka ʻuhane Lūkini ke apo ma ka liʻiliʻi. ka poʻokela kiʻekiʻe loa ma ka honua o ke mele," i kākau ai ʻo ia i kāna mau hoa pili ma Italia.
Ua hoʻi ʻo ia i Lvov i Ianuali 1895. Maanei ua hoʻokani ka mea mele "Manon" (Giacomo Puccini). A laila hele ʻo ia i Vienna i ke kumu kaulana ʻo Gensbacher i mea e aʻo ai i nā opera a Wagner. Ua hana ʻo Solomiya i nā hana nui ma ka aneane o nā opera a Wagner a pau ma nā pae like ʻole o ka honua. Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea hoʻokani maikaʻi loa o kāna mau mele.
A laila aia ʻo Warsaw. Maʻaneʻi ua loaʻa koke iā ia ka mahalo a kaulana. Ua manaʻo ka poʻe Polani a me nā mea hoʻohewa iā ia he mea hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻole o nā pāʻina "Pebble" a me "Countess". I ka makahiki 1898-1902. ma ke kahua o ka Bolshoi Theatre ma Warsaw, ua hoʻokani ʻo Solomiya me Enrico Caruso. A me Mattia Battistini, Adam Didur, Vladislav Floriansky a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Solomiya Krushelnytska: Hana hana
No 5 mau makahiki, hana ʻo ia i nā hana ma nā keaka: Tannhäuser lāua ʻo Valkyrie (Richard Wagner), Othello, Aida. A me "Don Carlos", "Masquerade Ball", "Ernani" (Giuseppe Verdi), "Africa", "Robert the Devil" a me "Huguenots" (Giacomo Meyerbeer), "The Cardinal's Daughter" ("Jew") ( Fromantal Halevi), "Demon" (Anton Rubinstein), "Werther" (Jules Massenet), "La Gioconda" (Amilcare Ponchielli), "Tosca" a me "Manon" (Giacomo Puccini), "Hoʻohanohano ʻāina" (Pietro Mascagni), "Fra Devil "(Daniel Francois Aubert)," Maria di Rogan "(Gaetano Donizetti)," The Barber of Seville "(Gioacchino Rossini)," Eugene Onegin "," The Queen of Spades "a" Mazepa "(Pyotr Tchaikovsky) ," Hero a me Leander "( Giovanni Bottesini), "Pebble" a me "Countess" (Stanislav Moniuszko), "Goplan" (Vladislav Zelensky).
Aia kekahi poʻe ma Warsaw i hele i ka ʻōlelo hōʻino, hoʻonāukiuki, ʻeleʻele i ka mea mele. Ua hana lākou ma o ka nūpepa a kākau i ka loaʻa ʻana o ka mea mele ma mua o nā mea pena ʻē aʻe. A i ka manawa like, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia e hīmeni i ka Polani, ʻaʻole makemake ʻo ia i ke mele a Moniuszko a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Mahalo iā Libetsky's feuilleton "New Italian", ua koho ka mea mele i ka repertoire Italia.
Ka hanohano a me ka ʻike
Ma kahi o nā kūlanakauhale a me nā kauhale ma Western Ukraine, ua hīmeni ʻo Solomiya ma Odessa ma ke kahua o kahi opera kūloko ma ke ʻano he hui Italia. ʻO ka manaʻo maikaʻi loa o ka poʻe noho o Odessa a me ka hui Italia iā ia ma muli o ka nui o ka poʻe Italia ma ke kūlanakauhale. ʻAʻole lākou i noho wale ma Odessa, akā ua hana nui no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka moʻomeheu mele o ka hema o Palmyra.
Ke hana nei ma nā hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni Bolshoi a me Mariinsky, no kekahi mau makahiki ua lanakila ʻo Solomiya Krushelnitskaya i nā keaka a Pyotr Tchaikovsky.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Guido Marotta e pili ana i nā ʻano mele ʻoihana kiʻekiʻe o ka mea mele: "He mea hoʻokani pila ʻo Solomiya Krushelnitskaya me kahi manaʻo koʻikoʻi o ke ʻano. Ua hoʻokani maikaʻi ʻo ia i ka piano, ua aʻo ʻo ia i nā helu a me nā kuleana iā ia iho, me ka noi ʻole ʻana i ke kōkua mai nā loea.
I ka makahiki 1902, ua huakaʻi ʻo Krushelnitskaya ma St. Petersburg, me ke mele ʻana no ka Russian Tsar. A laila hana ʻo ia ma Palika me ka tenor kaulana ʻo Jan Reschke. Ma ke kahua o La Scala, hīmeni ʻo ia ma ke keaka mele ʻo Salome, ka opera Elektra (na Richard Strauss), ʻo Phaedre (na Simon Maira), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ma ka hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni "La Scala" ua hīmeni ʻo Solomiya i ka opera "Lohengrin" (Richard Wagner).
Solomiya Krushelnytska: Ke ola ma hope o ke kahua ʻOpera
Ma hope o kāna ʻoihana opera, hoʻomaka ʻo Solomiya e hīmeni i ke keʻena repertoire. I kona huakaʻi ʻana i ʻAmelika, hīmeni ʻo ia i ʻehiku mau ʻōlelo (Italia, Palani, Kelemānia, Pelekania, Paniolo, Polani, Lūkini) kahiko, kahiko, aloha, nā mele hou a me nā mele. Ua ʻike ʻo Krushelnitskaya i ka hāʻawi ʻana i kēlā me kēia o lākou i kahi ʻono ʻokoʻa. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, loaʻa iā ia kekahi hiʻohiʻona waiwai ʻē aʻe - ke ʻano o ke ʻano.
I ka makahiki 1939 (ma ka pō o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o Polani ma waena o ka USSR mua a me Kelemania), hele hou ʻo Krushelnytska i Lvov. Hana ʻo ia i kēlā me kēia makahiki e ʻike i kona ʻohana. Akā naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke hoʻi i Italia. Ua pale mua ʻia kēia e ke komo ʻana o Galicia i ka USSR, a laila ma ke kaua.
Ua kākau ka nūpepa Soviet post-war e pili ana i ka makemake ʻole o Krushelnytska e haʻalele iā Lvov a hoʻi i Italia. A ua haʻi ʻo ia i nā ʻōlelo a ka mea mele, nāna i hoʻoholo e ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kanaka Soviet ma mua o ka "Millionaire Italia".
Ua kōkua kekahi ʻano ikaika iā Solomiya e ola i ke kaumaha, a me ka pōloli, a me ka maʻi o ka wāwae haki i ka makahiki 1941-1945. Ua kōkua nā kaikaina iā Solomiya, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe āna hana, ʻaʻole i kono ʻia ʻo ia ma nā wahi āpau. Me ka paʻakikī nui, ua loaʻa i ka hōkū mua o ke kahua opera kahi hana ma ka Lviv Conservatory. Akā ʻo kona kamaʻāina noho Italia. I mea e loaʻa ai ke kamaʻāina o ka socialist Ukraine, pono ʻo ia e ʻae i ke kūʻai ʻana i kahi villa ma Italia. A hāʻawi kālā i ke aupuni Soviet. I ka loaʻa ʻana mai o ke aupuni Soviet i kahi hapa liʻiliʻi o ke kūʻai ʻana o ka villa, ka hana a ke kumu, ke poʻo inoa o ka mea hana hanohano, ke kaukaʻi, ua lawe ka mea mele i ka hana aʻo.
ʻOiai ʻo kona mau makahiki, ua hana ʻo Solomiya Krushelnitskaya i nā ʻaha mele i ka makahiki 77. Wahi a kekahi o nā mea hoʻolohe o nā ʻahamele.
"Ua paʻi ʻo ia me ka hohonu o kahi soprano mālamalama, ikaika, maʻalahi, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i nā mana kilokilo, i ninini ʻia e like me ke kahawai hou mai ke kino palupalu o ka mea mele."
ʻAʻohe haumāna kaulana a ka mea pena. He liʻiliʻi ka poʻe i kēlā manawa i hoʻopau i kā lākou aʻo ʻana a hiki i ka makahiki 5, paʻakikī loa nā manawa ma hope o ke kaua ma Lviv.
Ua make ka mea hana keaka kaulana i ke 80 o kona mau makahiki mai ka ma'i 'a'ai. ʻAʻole i hoʻopiʻi ka mea mele i kekahi e pili ana i kona maʻi, ua hala ʻo ia me ka mālie, me ka ʻole o ka nānā nui ʻana.
Nā hoʻomanaʻo o ka moʻolelo o nā mele Ukrainian
Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻia nā haku mele no ka mea pena, ua pena ʻia nā kiʻi. Ua aloha ʻia nā kiʻi kaulana o ka moʻomeheu a me ka politika iā ia. ʻO kēia ka mea kākau ʻo Vasily Stefanik, ka mea kākau a me ka lehulehu kanaka ʻo Mikhail Pavlik. A me ka loio a me ka mea kālai'āina ʻo Teofil Okunevsky, ka mea lapaʻau pilikino o ke aliʻi o ʻAigupita. ʻO ka mea pena Italia kaulana ʻo Manfredo Manfredini i pepehi iā ia iho mai ke aloha ʻole ʻia no kahi opera diva.
Hāʻawi ʻia ʻo ia i nā epithets: "unpassed", "walely", "unique", "incomparable". ʻO Gabriele d'Annunzio kekahi o nā haku mele Italia maikaʻi loa o ka hopena o ke kenekulia XNUMX a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia XNUMX. Ua hoʻolaʻa ʻo ia i ka pauku "Poetic Memory" iā Krushelnitskaya, i hoʻonohonoho ʻia i ke mele e ka mea haku mele ʻo Renato Brogi.
Ua pili ʻo Solomiya Krushelnytska me nā kiʻi kaulana o ka moʻomeheu Ukrainian: Ivan Franko, Mykola Lysenko, Vasily Stefanyk, Olga Kobylyanska. Ua hoʻokani mau ka mea mele i nā mele ʻo Ukrainian ma nā ʻaha mele a ʻaʻole i uhaki i ka pilina me kona ʻāina hānau.
ʻO Paradoxically, ʻaʻole i kono ʻia ʻo Krushelnitskaya e hīmeni ma ke kahua o ka Kyiv Opera House. ʻOiai ua pili ʻo ia me kāna ʻoihana no kekahi mau makahiki. Eia nō naʻe, aia kekahi ʻano maʻamau i kēia paradox. ʻO nā mea pena kiʻi Ukrainian kaulana ʻē aʻe i loaʻa ka hopena like o ka "i kono ʻole ʻia". ʻO kēia ka mea mele o ka Vienna Opera ʻO Ira Malaniuk a me ka Wagner tenor i ʻike ʻole ʻia, ka mea hoʻokani pila o ka Swedish Royal Opera Modest Mencinski.
Ua ola ka mea mele i ke ola hauʻoli ma ke ʻano he hōkū opera o ka nui mua. Akā, haʻi pinepine ʻo ia i kāna mau haumāna i nā ʻōlelo a Enrico Caruso e makemake ana ka poʻe ʻōpio a pau e makemake i ka opera:
“E hoomanao! He ʻoihana paʻakikī loa kēia. ʻOiai ke loaʻa iā ʻoe ka leo maikaʻi a me ka hoʻonaʻauao paʻa, pono ʻoe e haku i kahi repertoire nui o nā kuleana. A he mau makahiki o ka hana nui a me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻokoʻa. E hoʻohui i kēia mau mākau hana, e koi ana i ke aʻo ʻana a ʻaʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana me ka ʻole o ka opera. Pono ʻoe e neʻe, paʻa, hāʻule, hoʻokalakupua, a me nā mea like. A ʻo ka hope loa, i ke kūlana o kēia manawa o ka opera, pono e ʻike i nā ʻōlelo haole.
Ua hoʻomanaʻo kekahi hoa o Solomia Negrito da Piazzini (kaikamahine a ke alakaʻi hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni ma Buenos Aires) ʻaʻohe mea alakaʻi i haʻi aku iā ia, me ka ʻike ʻana i kona hiki ʻole. Akā ʻo nā alakaʻi kaulana a me nā mea mele i hoʻolohe i ka ʻōlelo aʻo a me nā manaʻo o Solomiya.
